A few weeks ago, the Empire State Building was lit up in orange, the national colour of the Netherlands. The reason was that, precisely 400 years ago, the Dutch East India Company commissioned Henry Hudson to find a shorter sea route to Asia via the north. After a brutal voyage filled with hardships, Hudson decided to change course. He never found his shortcut to Asia, but he did become the first person to map the area around the river that would one day bear his name, including the place where we are gathered today. Ever since then, the origin of the great city of New York has been closely linked with the courage and resolve of Henry Hudson. Today more than ever before, we must make those qualities our own. In the past year, we have faced the harsh reality of a financial and economic system on the brink. The crisis has been so severe and so rapid that courage and resolve are now required of us all — the courage to place shared values and interests above narrow self- interest, the resolve to adapt existing global governance structures to a new reality and the courage to make decisive choices that take account of all interests, especially those of the world’s weakest and poorest people. That is my clear message to the General Assembly. The Dutch Government has no doubt that a strong, decisive and efficient United Nations will be vital to that process. Only an integrated global approach will deliver the stability, solidarity and sustainability that the world needs so badly. The last few days in New York and Pittsburgh have shown that there is a clear realization that the world has changed and that we must work together more closely than ever before. Our interdependency gives us a shared responsibility. We can see now that the problems we face are too big for any single nation. There is therefore strong will to address the underlying causes of the economic crisis, to work on systemic imbalances and to once again make finance a tool for growth. The agreement we reached in Pittsburgh on a framework for strong, sustainable and balanced growth is a big step forward. It shows that there is a widely shared conviction that we have much to gain from stability, solidarity and sustainability, both as individual countries and collectively. I would like to say a few words about each of those core concepts. 9 09-52586 The current crisis offers clear proof that in a globalized world instability anywhere is a threat to stability everywhere. The international policy response has shown that that is widely understood in the financial and economic context. That is a positive sign, even if there is still a long way to go. The Pittsburgh agreement on compensation systems should end a bonus culture that has grown out of control. We cannot allow the greed of a few to endanger the jobs of many. We must therefore prevent that kind of crisis from ever happening again. Mr. Valero Briceño (Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela), Vice-President, took the Chair. Institutional reform should not stop with the financial and economic sector. There is a clear need for new arrangements that will allow us to manage a range of global governance issues at the same time. In the long term, the greatest threat to a stable world order is to allow the crisis to push the world’s other great problems into the background: climate change, for example, the energy and food crisis or the pressing issues of peace and security, poverty and human rights. We cannot let that happen. In some cases, we simply have to honour commitments that we have already made, such as the Millennium Development Goals. In others, we need the courage to see beyond this crisis to the world of tomorrow, as we must show at the climate summit to be held in Copenhagen. In any event, the current situation demands that we place our common global values and interests above our acute domestic problems, however serious they may be. Therefore, now more than ever, we need a strong, decisive and efficient United Nations. We need it here in New York, but we especially need it on the ground. In that context, I would highlight the vital importance of the One United Nations Initiative, which needs follow-up, and soon. Stability cannot be achieved without respect for human rights. As friends of the Iranian people, we are concerned about the worsening human rights situation and the violent crackdown on popular protests. The Iranian nuclear issue represents a major challenge to international peace and security, to regional stability and to the non-proliferation regime. The recent revelation of a nuclear facility that was long kept secret is additional reason for great concern. It calls for a strong reaction by the international community and for total transparency by Iran. Iran must regain the trust of the international community, comply with relevant Security Council resolutions and contribute to peace and stability in the Middle East. In June of this year, the United Nations showed leadership by holding a major conference here in New York on the effects of the crisis for developing countries. The Netherlands fully supported that initiative, as there can be no stability without solidarity. After all, there is nothing more destabilizing than poverty, hunger and a future without hope. The economic crisis and rising food prices are threatening to sweep away a great deal of hard-won progress. In 2009 alone, the number of people forced to live on less than $1.25 a day will grow by at least 55 million. There is a real danger that those who had no part in causing the crisis will be the people who suffer most deeply. In rich countries the crisis means the loss of jobs and assets. In developing countries it means rising child mortality and rising hunger. Therefore, in rich countries the crisis is serious; in poor countries it is a matter of life and death. Let the donor countries honour an old promise and set aside at least 0.7 per cent of their national income every year for development aid; and let the current crisis also inspire recipient countries to use the funds as effectively as possible. Now more than ever, public support for development aid depends on transparency, good governance and an effective fight against corruption. I would also add that international solidarity is not simply a question of development budgets. It also concerns the private sector. More and more businesses now recognize the importance of corporate social responsibility. I believe there is still a world to be won in that regard, not only for society but also for companies themselves. Corporate social responsibility makes good business sense. My third subject, sustainability, is essentially about making choices and sacrifices, not for our own sake but for future generations. This session of the General Assembly is our last major stop on the road to Copenhagen. We should be aware that the progress we make there will affect the lives of our children, our children’s children and so on, down through the generations. That must be our main motive for seeking a radical change in the way we live. 09-52586 10 In Copenhagen we must reach an ambitious, fair and comprehensive agreement. We must be ambitious and set our sights high. Therefore, at Copenhagen the Netherlands will call for worldwide carbon dioxide emissions to be halved from 1990 levels by 2050. We should be fair to developing countries. Every country should contribute to the common goal according to its means. Every country will be expected to play its part. But those that need help in designing and implementing sound adaptation policies must receive it. That is why the Netherlands has set aside €500 million to promote the use of renewable energy in developing countries. Comprehensive also means that we should not simply pave the road ahead with good intentions, but with concrete agreements — for example, agreements on developing the global carbon market, on sharing knowledge and on financial arrangements. We simply cannot fail at Copenhagen. The world is much smaller than it was in the days of Henry Hudson, but it is far more complex as a result. Any solution to the issues I have raised today starts with recognizing our mutual dependence and responsibility. Within the concepts of stability, solidarity and sustainability we will find the shared values and interests that should guide us on the road ahead. It is a road that requires courage. But to echo the words I heard recently from the Italian Nobel Prize winner and senator for life Rita Levi-Montalcini, on her one-hundredth birthday, “Don’t fear difficult moments. The best comes from them.” Let us go forward in that spirit.