Vanuatu is very pleased that we are meeting under your presidency, Sir, and, on behalf of my Government and of the Pacific Islands Forum, I extend my warm congratulations to you, and we wish to assure you of our full confidence and cooperation. I should also like to take a moment to pay tribute to your predecessor, His Excellency Mr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, for his exceptional service and leadership during the sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly and for the considerable and important achievements of that session. 15 10-55128 In the same spirit, I take this opportunity also to commend the Secretary-General for his vision, leadership and tireless efforts in working towards achievements in the common interest of all humanity. Many innocent lives continue to be wasted, with good people killed or wounded and multitudes displaced by heinous acts designed to undermine and destabilize the collective efforts of the international community to achieve peace and security for our societies. These many unprecedented events continue to test the very foundation of our Organization. As we prepare to enter the second decade of this twenty-first century, it is vital now more than ever that our membership affirms its confidence and faith in the purposes and principles of the United Nations. It is important that we continue to assert our support for fundamental human rights and the peaceful coexistence of our nations. The range and urgency of the challenges that now confront the international community in our globalized and interdependent world demand, at the very least, our steadfast support for and commitment to peace and security for our communities and peoples, and for future generations. If we are to effectively guarantee human rights and achieve peace and security and social and economic justice for all, we need to be united in this endeavour, and our cooperation and multilateral joint efforts need to be durable and effective. My Government and people of Vanuatu are steadfast in our belief that the United Nations remains uniquely suited to the pursuit and coordination of global initiatives to attain these objectives. Vanuatu hosted the forty-first annual Pacific Islands Forum in our capital, Port Vila, last month. As current Chair, I wish to inform the Assembly that the Pacific Islands leaders again noted that transnational crime remains a threat to national and regional stability, in particular the proliferation of small arms and light weapons and illicit drugs. Consequently, the Pacific Islands Forum has strengthened cooperation in counter-terrorism measures and emphasized national efforts and regional cooperation in combating transnational organized crime and in strengthening border control capacities. The Pacific Islands Forum remains committed to collective arrangements and mechanisms to assist regional Governments recovering from national conflicts and crises. The value of those efforts is evident in the positive results of the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands, created under the Biketawa Declaration with the assistance of contributing member States, which would not have been successful without the strong leadership and commitment of the Solomon Islands Government. While many of our member countries have not ratified the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), Forum leaders recognize the important role that the Convention offers in providing an internationally agreed framework for effective anti- corruption activities around the world. I am pleased to say that our regional organizations are working with the various United Nations agencies to advance work to promote the Convention. While known as a region characterized by oceanic isolation, smallness and general vulnerability, the Pacific region is one of only a few in the world to have experienced nuclear weapons testing. Therefore, advancing the cause of nuclear non-proliferation and the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty — also known as the Treaty of Rarotonga — remains critical and relevant to our signatory member States. The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty reflects our region’s deep commitment not only to international peace and security but also to collective international action to ensure peace and security. In endorsing the successful outcome of the 2010 Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, Forum leaders also welcomed the announcement by the United States of America of its intention to ratify all protocols of the Treaty of Rarotonga. Notwithstanding their size, national obligations and circumstances, our respective Forum members value and are proud of their contributions to United Nations peacekeeping efforts. My own country is proud to contribute to United Nations peacekeeping missions in East Timor, Haiti, the Sudan, Bosnia, the Peace Monitoring Group and the Bougainville Transition Team in Bougainville, and to the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands. Terrorism is an offence to humanity and contrary to the core values of the United Nations. We must be resolute in our national and collective efforts to combat terrorism in all its forms. For my own country, I reaffirm our strong support for the relevant Security Council resolutions against terrorism. Those resolutions provide a clear signal of our determination 10-55128 16 to suppress terrorist activities, including training, international movement and financing. All of us present here today have described the various stages of our progress to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). For our island countries, our increasing vulnerability to threats and challenges, underscored by the impacts of the global economic, financial, fuel and food crises, is exacerbated by the current and impending impacts of climate change, as well as our inherent limited capacity to respond. This is not to say, however, that we have not made progress in achieving any of those goals. With respect to Goal 2, the primary education systems of the Pacific region are characterized by high enrolment, with six of our countries currently displaying net enrolment ratios of over 90 per cent. Most, if not all, of our Pacific island countries are expected to meet the goal of gender equality in education by 2015. We have been able to achieve those goals because we have localized the global indicators by adjusting them to suit our local circumstances and priorities. While we remain concerned about the pace of our progress towards the Millennium Development Goals, we are committed to accelerating progress towards achieving them by 2015. The Port Vila Declaration on Accelerating Progress on the Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, which was adopted by Pacific Forum leaders at their meeting in Vanuatu last month, recognizes that the MDGs are extremely important, as is also the incremental path towards achieving those Goals — a path that should recognize and accommodate the special circumstances and challenges we face in the Pacific. The Port Vila Declaration also highlights the importance of mainstreaming the programme of support for the sustainable development of small island developing States — which is captured in the Barbados Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Barbados Programme of Action — as an accelerator for achieving the MDGs in the Pacific and addressing the specific vulnerabilities that we face. To ensure the success of the Port Vila Declaration, we call for the support, collaborative action and commitment of the international community and our development partners — particularly an improved understanding of and ability to address our vulnerabilities and for improved coordination of efforts towards achieving the MDGs. Advancing the Pacific islands’ work with respect to the Millennium Development Goals is closely and inextricably linked to the Mauritius Strategy. The development and endorsement of the Pacific Plan by the Forum leaders in 2005 underscored the critical need for creating stronger and deeper linkages between our countries and for identifying sectors where the region could gain the most by sharing resources in the area of governance and by aligning policies. While we believe that we have made some excellent progress in effectively implementing the Mauritius Strategy at the national and regional levels, we also acknowledge our shortcomings, some of which are beyond our control. The growing vulnerabilities of our Pacific island countries are exacerbated by the impacts of the global economic crisis, climate change and natural disasters, and those factors affect our abilities to respond. Climate change remains the greatest threat to the livelihoods, security and well-being of the peoples of the Pacific. Continuing and concerted efforts by Forum members are being made at the national, regional and international levels to address the impacts of climate change on Pacific communities and peoples. The degree of urgency for real commitments to emissions reduction must be commensurate with the science and with the associated impacts of climate change on the most vulnerable communities. This issue must not be viewed with an eye to short-term impacts on traditional industrial growth or political tenure, but rather with a longer-term consideration of the sustainability of economies, societies and peoples the world over. A meaningful, legally binding agreement on emissions reduction must be reached urgently and without delay. Recognizing the importance of effective coordination and implementation of climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts at all levels — and particularly at the national level — Forum leaders have endorsed a set of principles that will guide Forum island countries and development partners in this regard, bearing in mind existing and ongoing efforts in the region. Those principles are consistent with the Cairns Compact and the Pacific Islands Framework for Action on Climate Change, and they reflect recognition by Forum leaders of the important role that regional and international arrangements play in supporting national adaptation and mitigation through the enhancement of capacity and access to resources. 17 10-55128 I am also pleased to say that, ahead of the Cancún climate change meetings this November and December, the Government of Kiribati will be hosting the Tarawa Climate Change Conference in November. We anticipate bringing together representatives of countries vulnerable to the impact of climate change, as well as representatives of major economies. Allow me at this juncture to make a few remarks pertinent to Vanuatu’s position on a number of issues. We are meeting here at this Assembly session to once again renew our commitment to the United Nations and to the principles enshrined in its Charter. However, the need to reform the United Nations to ensure that it effectively responds to the needs of its Members remains imperative. In that regard, I wish to commend the Secretary- General for advancing the work on the reform of the Security Council. We note the work done by the Chair of the intergovernmental negotiations on the question of equitable representation and increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Council. So we join all like-minded States in encouraging the United Nations to pursue equitable reforms in its institutions in order to minimize the democratic deficit in the multilateral arena. My Government also joins all other heads of Governments that are Members of the United Nations family in congratulating the Secretary-General on bringing to a reality the efforts over four years to create the office of UN Women, a new entity formally established by the General Assembly within the United Nations created in July of this year. That decision gives more prominence to women and their place in our society. Vanuatu celebrated 30 years of political freedom last July. This year marks the end of the Second International Decade of Decolonization. My Government wishes to question the progress on some important processes of self-determination. It is disturbing to think that we may legitimize practices that contravene the very principles on which this Organization has been founded. Are we to assume that decolonization issues may be ignored in the years to come so as not to unsettle the status quo? Issues relating to decolonization and severe human rights violations must be effectively and impartially addressed. We call upon the United Nations to strengthen its efforts in working towards full decolonization of Territories that are still under the control of administrating Powers. Where there are serious reports of human rights violations, there must be a stronger United Nations role in investigating all allegations of human atrocity. We are reminded that the noble task of our multilateral Organization is to reaffirm our commitment to and respect for fundamental human rights and the dignity of the human person. We are encouraged to see emerging nations, such as Kosovo, rising from the turmoil of restraint to take up their position in the midst of the independent nations of the world. It is in the spirit of democratic freedom that justice must prevail for those peoples whose right to political freedom continues to be suppressed by colonial and illegitimate administrating Powers. That includes for those countries whose political freedom to claim their rights to territorial sovereignty under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and those whose political freedom to rightfully claim an extended continental shelf under the Convention are suppressed by colonial administrative rule. As we applaud calls for a peaceful resolution of the conflict between Israel and Palestine, my country also calls for the lifting of the embargo on Cuba, which will enable the good people of Cuba to improve their lives. My country, together with other least developed countries in the Pacific, has consistently argued in this forum that the mechanisms and criteria for assessing graduation eligibility must not be isolated from the permanent and inherent vulnerabilities of our countries. It is unrealistic for United Nations agencies to look at the progress and make projections without taking into consideration the issues of permanent vulnerabilities and capacity to sustain growth in our countries. Indicators for most Millennium Development Goals clearly demonstrate little progress in human development. Climate change, volcanic eruptions and other disasters will continue to be significant factors inhibiting human development in our islands. Such factors are critical, and we therefore reiterate our position that they must be carefully weighed in the vulnerability graduation criteria. In the case of our very close neighbour, Fiji, my Government believes that all players are interested in 10-55128 18 seeing positive political progress there, which must continue to genuinely engage the good people of Fiji. We have learned that multilateralism offers some constructive innovations in diplomatic practice, but it may also complicate conflict resolution by increasing tension between actors. Finally, in the spirit of reconciliation through the Pacific way, I call upon all international and regional diplomatic actors to assist in ways that will not polarize the region. Instead, our diplomatic approaches should help to give genuine dialogue and engagement a more credible opportunity. There should be genuine and renewed commitment to fostering relations in the Pacific region, commitment that promotes greater freedom, regional cooperation, friendship and integration, as envisaged in the Pacific Plan document. In conclusion, I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all our development partners for the support that they are providing in building our economies. I believe more can be done to assist the Pacific island countries in addressing the growing challenges confronting the region.