I praise the merciful, all-knowing and almighty God for blessing me with another opportunity to address this Assembly on behalf of the great nation of Iran and to bring a number of issues to the attention of the international community. I also praise the Almighty for the increasing vigilance of peoples across the globe, their courageous presence in different international settings, and the brave expression of their views and aspirations regarding global issues. Today, humanity passionately craves commitment to the truth, devotion to God, the quest for justice and respect for the dignity of human beings. Rejection of domination and aggression, defence of the oppressed, and longing for peace constitute the legitimate demand of the peoples of the world, particularly the new generations and the spirited youth who aspire to a world free from decadence, aggression and injustice, replete with love and compassion. The youth have a right to seek justice and the truth. They have a right to build their own future on the foundations of love, compassion and tranquillity. I praise the Almighty for this immense blessing. What afflicts humanity today is certainly not compatible with human dignity. The Almighty has not created human beings so that they could transgress against others and oppress them. By causing war and conflict, some are quickly expanding their domination, accumulating greater wealth and usurping all the resources, while others endure poverty, suffering and misery as a result. Some seek to rule the world relying on weapons and threats, while others live in perpetual insecurity and danger. Some occupy the homeland of others, thousands of kilometres away from their borders, interfere in their affairs and control their oil and other resources and strategic routes, while others are bombarded daily in their own homes, their children murdered in the streets and alleys of their own country, and their homes reduced to rubble. Such behaviour is not worthy of human beings and runs counter to the truth, to justice and to human dignity. The fundamental question is this: under such conditions, where should the oppressed seek justice? Who, or what organization, defends the rights of the oppressed and suppresses acts of aggression and oppression? Where is the seat of global justice? A brief glance at a few examples of the most pressing global issues further illustrates the problem. The first is the unbridled expansion of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons. Some Powers have proudly announced the production of second- and third-generation nuclear weapons. What do they need those weapons for? Is the development and stockpiling of such deadly weapons designed to promote peace and democracy? Or, are the weapons actually instruments of coercion and threat directed against other peoples and Governments? How long should the people of the world have to live with the nightmare of nuclear, biological and chemical weapons? What binds the Powers that produce and possess those weapons? How can they be held accountable by the international community? Furthermore, are the inhabitants of those countries content with wasting their wealth and resources on the production of such destructive arsenals? Is it not possible to rely on justice, ethics and wisdom instead of on such instruments of death? Are not wisdom and justice more compatible with peace and tranquillity 37 06-52737 than nuclear, chemical and biological weapons? If wisdom, ethics and justice prevail, then oppression and aggression will be uprooted, threats will wither away and no reason will remain for conflict. This is a solid proposition, because most global conflicts result from injustice and from the fact that the powerful are not content with their own rights, but want to deny the rights of others. People across the globe embrace justice and are willing to make sacrifices for its sake. Would it not be easier for the global Powers to ensure their longevity and win hearts and minds through the championing and real promotion of justice, compassion and peace, rather than by continuing the proliferation of nuclear and chemical weapons and threatening their use? We have experienced the threat and the use of nuclear weapons. Has it achieved anything for the perpetrators other than the exacerbation of tension, hatred and animosity among nations? The second issue is the occupation of countries and the exacerbation of hostilities. The occupation of Iraq has continued for the past three years. Not a day goes by without hundreds of people being killed in cold blood. The occupiers are incapable of establishing security in Iraq. Despite the establishment of a lawful Government and the National Assembly of Iraq, covert and overt efforts are being made to heighten insecurity, magnify and aggravate differences within Iraqi society and instigate civil strife. There is no sign that the occupiers have the necessary political will to eliminate the sources of instability. Numerous terrorists were apprehended by the Government of Iraq, only to be let loose under various pretexts by the occupiers. It seems that the intensification of hostilities and terrorism serves as a pretext for the continued presence of foreign forces in Iraq. Where can the people of Iraq seek refuge, and from whom should the Government of Iraq seek justice? Who can ensure Iraq’s security? Insecurity in Iraq affects the entire region. Can the Security Council play a role in restoring peace and security in Iraq when the occupiers are themselves permanent members of the Council? Is the Security Council capable of making a fair decision in this regard? Let us consider the situation in Palestine. The roots of the Palestinian problem go back to the Second World War. Under the pretext of protecting some of the survivors of that war, the land of Palestine was occupied through war and aggression, resulting in the displacement of millions of its inhabitants. It was placed under the control of some of the survivors of the war, who brought even larger population groups from elsewhere in the world who had not even been affected by the Second World War. A Government was established in the territory of others with a population collected from throughout the world at the cost of driving millions of the rightful inhabitants of the land into diaspora and homelessness. That is a great tragedy with hardly any precedent in history. Refugees continue to live in temporary refugee camps, and many have died while still hoping one day to return to their land. Can any logic, law or legal reasoning justify this tragedy? Would any Member of the United Nations accept such a tragedy if it occurred in its own homeland? The pretexts for the creation of the regime occupying Al-Quds al-Sharif are so weak that its supporters want to silence any voice that tries merely to speak about them, as they are concerned that shedding light on the facts would undermine the raison d’être of the regime — as, indeed, it has done. The tragedy did not end with the establishment of a regime on the territory of others. Regrettably, from its inception, that regime has been a constant source of threat and insecurity in the Middle East region — waging war, spilling blood and impeding the progress of countries in the region. It has also been used by some Powers as an instrument of division, coercion and pressure on the people of the region. Reference to those historical realities may cause some disquiet among supporters of that regime. But these are simple facts, not myths. History has unfolded before our eyes. Worse still is the unwarranted blanket support provided to the regime. We need only watch what is happening in the Palestinian land. People are being bombarded in their own homes and their children murdered in their own streets and alleys. But no authority, not even the Security Council, can afford them any support or protection. Why? Meanwhile, a Government has been formed democratically and through the free choice of the electorate in a part of the Palestinian territory. But instead of receiving the support of the so-called champions of democracy, its ministers and members of 06-52737 38 parliament have been illegally abducted and incarcerated in full view of the international community. What council or international organization is standing up to protect this brutally besieged Government? Why cannot the Security Council take any steps? I should like now to address the issue of Lebanon. For 33 long days, the Lebanese lived under a barrage of fire and bombs, and close to 1.5 million of them were displaced. Meanwhile, some members of the Security Council practically chose a path that provided ample opportunity for the aggressor to achieve its objectives militarily. We saw the Security Council practically incapacitated by certain Powers so that it could not even call for a ceasefire. The Security Council sat idly by for many days, witnessing cruel scenes of atrocities against the Lebanese, while tragedies such as the one that occurred at Qana were persistently repeated. Why? In all of these cases, the answer is self-evident. When the Power behind the hostilities is itself a permanent member of the Security Council, how can the Council fulfil its responsibilities? The third issue is lack of respect for the rights of members of the international community. I now wish to speak about some of the grievances of the Iranian people and about the injustices against them. The Islamic Republic of Iran is a member of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and is committed to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). All our nuclear activities are transparent and peaceful and are under the watchful eyes of IAEA inspectors. Why then are there objections to our legally recognized rights? Which Governments object to those rights? Governments that themselves benefit from nuclear energy and the fuel cycle. Some of them have abused nuclear technology for non- peaceful ends, including the production of nuclear bombs, and some even have a bleak record of using them against humanity. Which organization or council should address those injustices? Is the Security Council in a position to address them? Can it stop violations of the inalienable rights of countries? Can it prevent certain Powers from impeding the scientific progress of other countries? The abuse of the Security Council, as an instrument of threat and coercion, is indeed a source of grave concern. Some permanent members of the Security Council, even when they are themselves parties to international disputes, conveniently threaten others with the Security Council and, even before any decision by the Council, proclaim the Council’s condemnation of their opponents. The question is: what can justify such exploitation of the Security Council, and do not such acts erode its credibility and effectiveness? Can such behaviour strengthen the ability of the Council to maintain security? A review of recent historical realities would lead to the regrettable conclusion that justice has become a victim of force and aggression. Many global arrangements have become unjust, discriminatory and irresponsible as a result of undue pressure from some of the powerful nations. Threats to use nuclear weapons and other instruments of war, by some powers have taken the place of respect for the rights of nations and the maintenance and promotion of peace and tranquillity. For some Powers, claims of promoting human rights and democracy can last only as long as the claims can be used as instruments of pressure and intimidation against other nations. But when it comes to the interests of the claimants, concepts such as democracy, the right of self-determination of nations, respect for the rights and intelligence of peoples, and international law and justice have no place or value. That is blatantly manifested in the way in which the elected Government of the Palestinian people is treated, as well as in the support extended to the Zionist regime. It does not matter if people are murdered in Palestine, turned into refugees, captured, imprisoned or besieged; that, apparently, does not violate human rights. Nations are not equal in exercising their rights as recognized by international law. Enjoying those rights is dependent on the whim of certain major Powers. Apparently, the Security Council can only be used to ensure the security and the rights of some big Powers. But when the oppressed are being bombarded and decimated, the Security Council must remain aloof and not even call for a ceasefire. Is this not a tragedy of historic proportions for the Security Council, which is charged with maintaining the security of countries? 39 06-52737 The prevailing order of contemporary global interactions is such that certain Powers equate themselves with the international community and consider that their decisions supersede those of over 180 other countries. They consider themselves to be the masters and rulers of the entire world and give other nations a mere second-class ranking in the world order. The question needs to be asked: if the Governments of the United States or the United Kingdom, countries which are permanent members of the Security Council, commit aggression, occupation and violation of international law, which of the United Nations organs can call them to account? Can a Council in which they are privileged members address their violations? Has that ever happened? In fact, we have repeatedly seen the reverse. If they have a difference with a nation or State, they bring the matter to the Security Council as claimants, then simultaneously arrogate to themselves the roles of prosecutor, judge and executioner. Is that a just order? Can there be a more vivid case of discrimination and more clear evidence of injustice? Regrettably, the persistence of some hegemonic Powers in imposing their exclusionist policies on the international decision-making mechanisms, including the Security Council, has resulted in a growing mistrust on the part of world public opinion that is undermining the credibility and effectiveness of the most universal system of collective security. How long can such a situation last in the world? It is evident that the behaviour of some Powers constitutes the greatest challenge before the Security Council, the entire Organization and its affiliated agencies. The present structure and working methods of the Security Council, which are legacies of the Second World War, are not responsive to the expectations of the current generation and the contemporary needs of humanity. Today, it is undeniable that the Security Council, most critically and urgently, requires legitimacy and effectiveness. It must be acknowledged that as long as the Council is unable to act on behalf of the entire international community in a transparent, just and democratic manner, it will be neither legitimate nor effective. Furthermore, the direct relationship between abuse of the veto power and erosion of the legitimacy and effectiveness of the Council has now been clearly and undeniably established. We cannot and should not expect the eradication, or even the containment, of injustice, imposition and oppression without reforming the structure and working methods of the Council. Is it appropriate to expect this generation to submit to decisions and arrangements established over half a century ago? Does not this generation or future generations have the right to make their own decisions about the world in which they want to live? Today, genuine reform in the structure and working methods of the Security Council is more necessary than ever. Justice and democracy dictate that the role of the General Assembly, as the highest organ of the United Nations, must be respected. The General Assembly can then, through appropriate mechanisms, take on the task of reforming the Organization and, in particular, rescue the Security Council from its current state. In the interim, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Organization of the Islamic Conference and the African continent should each have permanent-member status in the Security Council, with veto privilege. The resulting balance would hopefully prevent further trampling of the rights of nations. It is essential that spirituality and ethics find their rightful place in international relations. Without ethics and spirituality, attained in the light of the teachings of the divine prophets, justice, freedom and human rights cannot be guaranteed. The resolution of contemporary human crises lies in observing ethics and spirituality and in the governance of righteous people of high competence and piety. Should respect for the rights of human beings become the predominant objective, then injustice, ill temper, aggression and war will fade away. Human beings are all God’s creatures and are all endowed with dignity and respect. No one has superiority over others. No individual or State can arrogate to themselves special privileges; nor can they disregard the rights of others or position themselves, through influence and pressure, as the “international community”. Citizens of Asia, Africa, Europe and America are all equal. Over six billion inhabitants of the Earth are all equal and worthy of respect. Justice and the protection of human dignity are the two pillars in maintaining sustainable peace, security and tranquillity in the world. 06-52737 40 It is for this reason that we state that sustainable peace and tranquillity in the world can only be attained through justice, spirituality, ethics, compassion and respect for human dignity. All nations and States are entitled to peace, progress and security. We are all members of the international community, and we are all entitled to insist on the creation of a climate of compassion, love and justice. All Members of the United Nations are affected by both the bitter and sweet events and developments in today’s world. We can adopt firm and logical decisions, thereby improving the prospects for a better life for current and future generations. Together, we can eradicate the roots of bitter maladies and afflictions, and instead, through the promotion of universal and lasting values, such as ethics, spirituality and justice, allow our nations to taste the sweetness of a better future. Peoples, driven by their divine nature, intrinsically seek good, virtue, perfection and beauty. Relying on our peoples, we can take giant steps towards reform and pave the road to human perfection. Whether we like it or not, justice, peace and virtue will sooner or later prevail in the world with the will of Almighty God. It is imperative, and also desirable, that we, too, contribute to the promotion of justice and virtue. The Almighty and Merciful God, who is the Creator of the Universe, is also its Lord and Ruler. Justice is His command. He commands His creatures to support one another in good, virtue and piety, and not in decadence or corruption. He commands His creatures to enjoin one another to righteousness and virtue and not to sin or transgression. All divine prophets, from the Prophet Adam (peace be upon him) to the Prophet Moses (peace be upon him), to the Prophet Jesus Christ (peace be upon him), to the Prophet Mohammad (peace be upon him), have all called humanity to monotheism, justice, brotherhood, love and compassion. Is it not possible to build a better world based on monotheism, justice, love and respect for the rights of human beings, and thereby transform animosities into friendship? I emphatically declare that today’s world, more than ever before, longs for just and righteous people with love for all humanity; and above all, it longs for the perfect righteous human being and the real saviour who has been promised to all peoples and who will establish justice, peace and brotherhood on the planet. O, Almighty God, all men and women are Your creatures, and You have ordained their guidance and salvation. Bestow upon humanity that thirsts for justice the perfect human being promised to all by You, and make us among his followers and among those who strive for his return and his cause.