I wish to congratulate Her Excellency Sheikha Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa on her assumption of the presidency of the sixty-first session of the General Assembly, and I wish her every success. I would also like to pay high tribute to the past President, His Excellency Mr. Jan Eliasson, for his outstanding leadership during the last session. Japan’s sincere thanks also go to Secretary-General Kofi Annan for his dedication and many achievements in leading the work of the Organization over the past decade. Japan congratulates the Republic of Montenegro on its accession to the United Nations as its 192nd Member. Fifty years ago, in December 1956, from this very podium, the then Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, Mamoru Shigemitsu, expressed the nation’s great honour and delight at becoming the eightieth Member 31 06-53615 of the United Nations and declared Japan’s firm determination to contribute to the high goals of this Organization. Since then, Japan, as a nation committed to peace, has worked hard in promoting disarmament and the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, supporting the undertakings of the United Nations for peace and stability in the world such as the peacekeeping operations, and contributing to world development and prosperity. The Japanese people take pride in the contributions they have made over the years to the United Nations. The challenges we face today differ significantly from those of 50 years ago. Yet, the common goals of humanity that the United Nations has strived for — peace, development and human rights — remain unchanged. Japan reaffirms the commitment it made at the time of its accession, and, building on its experiences since then, will rededicate its efforts to achieve those goals. As Member States, we are responsible, not only for the actions we take, but also for our inaction. Within the United Nations, it is the Security Council that bears the responsibility of delivering swift and decisive action in the face of a crisis. This summer, the ability of the international community to mount a collective response through the Security Council was tested on several occasions. Let me cite three major events on which the Council acted: the ballistic missile launches by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Iran’s nuclear-related problem and the conflict in Lebanon. After the launch of ballistic missiles by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on 4 July, the Security Council, in a unanimous decision in resolution 1695 (2006), sent a firm message, on behalf of the entire international community, condemning that reprehensible act. In accordance with that resolution, all Member States are now required to take concrete action as specified therein, and call strongly on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to implement the resolution, fully and without delay. In that connection, Japan introduced on 19 September a set of measures for the prevention of the transfer of financial resources to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, in addition to the long-standing strict export control measures. Furthermore, Japan will continue to make its utmost efforts so that the nuclear issue of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, and the abduction issue will be resolved comprehensively and in accordance with the Pyongyang Declaration of 2002. With regard to Iran’s nuclear issue, it is our belief that the adoption of resolution 1696 (2006) will serve as an important step towards a peaceful settlement of the issue through diplomatic negotiations. Japan strongly urges Iran to comply fully with the resolution by promptly suspending all enrichment-related activities, and to return to the negotiation process. Concerning the recent crisis in Lebanon, Japan welcomes the adoption of resolution 1701 (2006) by the Security Council and supports the efforts under way for its implementation. At the same time, the protracted negotiating process for that resolution reminded us once again of the importance of the ability of the Council to respond, swiftly as well as comprehensively, in such a crisis situation. That is never an easy task, but one we must always strive to fulfil. In response to some of the recent events affecting international peace and security, the Council succeeded in arriving at concrete decisions for the Member States to act upon. Japan is pleased to have played a proactive role in that process as a member of the Council, and we intend to cooperate closely with other Member States in following up on those resolutions. In countries and regions emerging from conflict, the key to realizing sustainable peace and prosperity lies in the consolidation of peace and laying the foundations for nation-building. It is encouraging to see the ongoing, concerted efforts of the international community towards peace consolidation and nation- building in a number of countries and regions. Iraq is one such country. Though currently still in the grip of great hardship, we have every confidence that Iraq will overcome the difficulties and develop as a democratic and stable State, and prosper as a responsible member of the international community. The International Compact for Iraq, which aims at forging a new mode of partnership between Iraq and the international community, will help accelerate the country’s reconstruction. Japan intends to fully take part in those international endeavours. 06-53615 32 In Afghanistan, Japan has also been an active supporter and a leading donor for its reconstruction and development. We have led the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) efforts in collaboration with the United Nations, and, upon the successful completion of the DDR process, are now taking the lead in the projects for the disbanding of illegal armed groups. With regard to Timor-Leste, Japan hopes that the newly established United Nations mission will effectively support the country’s nation-building efforts. As the lead country on Timor-Leste in the Security Council, Japan will continue to take the initiative to promote peace and stability and achieve the early restoration of law and order in that country. In Africa, as a whole, we begin to see the situation on the continent moving towards less conflict and greater peace. The ministerial conference on the consolidation of peace, that was held under the framework of the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) in February this year, not only made an intellectual contribution to the understanding of peace consolidation, but also strengthened the will and solidarity of the African States for peacebuilding. Japan, for its part, has been expanding assistance for the consolidation of peace in Africa, with particular focus on the Sudan, the Great Lakes region and West Africa. Against such a backdrop, the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission represents a significant milestone in the history of the United Nations. We must ensure that the Commission’s work is translated into tangible, practical value-added support to peacebuilding efforts in countries recovering from conflict and that it thus helps to make a difference on the ground. Burundi and Sierra Leone, the first two countries on the agenda of the Commission, will provide test cases, in which we must not fail. Japan has contributed $20 million to the Peacebuilding Fund and intends to contribute actively to the work of the Commission. Post-conflict peacebuilding requires knowledge and expertise in a wide range of fields, including ceasefire monitoring, refugee assistance, administrative and judicial institution-building, and reconstruction and development. Our experts have been working in Asian countries to assist their peacebuilding efforts, such as the establishment of legal and judicial systems. In order to strengthen our cooperation in this area even further, we are now considering concrete measures to train civilians not only from Japan but also from other Asian countries. We envisage that, one day, civilian practitioners who have been trained in my country will find themselves working side by side as fellow Asian peacebuilders, including, for example, in Africa. Regional conflicts continue to pose serious challenges. In addition, the Secretary-General, as he pointed out earlier from this rostrum, is concerned about “those who seem eager to foment a new war of religion” (). While poverty remains the main scourge in many developing countries, globalization has also brought to the fore transnational issues such as terrorism, infectious diseases and environmental degradation. It is clear that the international community still has a long way to go to achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In tackling these issues, a spirit of tolerance, compassion and closer international cooperation is indispensable, and a strengthened United Nations must be at the centre of the concerted efforts of the international community. At the same time, new concepts should also propel these efforts. Japan has advocated the importance of human security as a concept that stresses the protection of individuals from threats to their life and dignity, as well as the value of their individual empowerment. Together with other interested countries, we will promote human security and the approach based on it during this General Assembly session. Along with human security, respect for the ownership of developing countries, based on good governance, should be a pillar underpinning the strategy for reducing poverty through economic growth. Given these principles, Japan intends to enhance its development assistance to achieve the MDGs, by faithfully implementing the commitments made last year to increase the volume of its official development assistance (ODA) by $10 billion over a period of five years and to double its ODA to Africa over a period of three years. On trade, Japan will do its utmost to bring about the early resumption and successful conclusion of the WTO Doha Development Round negotiations. Close international cooperation is vital in our fight against terrorism. In this regard, Japan welcomes the adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy (resolution 33 06-53615 60/288) and calls for the early conclusion of negotiations on a comprehensive convention on international terrorism. Health is another area in which Japan has worked extensively in cooperation with the international community, including efforts against avian and pandemic influenza and HIV/AIDS. Japan recognizes the importance of the activities of the World Health Organization and will further strengthen its cooperation with that organization, particularly in Africa. As is often emphasized, peace, development and human rights are linked and complement one another. Japan’s own experience in the 60 years since the Second World War is eloquent testimony to this fact. We have high expectations for the newly created Human Rights Council and look to it to open a new page in the promotion of respect for human rights. As a member, Japan will play a constructive role in the Council. Japan also supports the early adoption of the draft conventions on enforced disappearance and on the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities. The United Nations has heavy responsibilities, in today’s and tomorrow’s world, as an indispensable global instrument for resolving conflicts, building peace, addressing emerging global threats and laying the foundation for prosperity. To fulfil such a mission, it must be efficient and effective, as well as accountable and broadly representative in its decisions and operations. Reform of the Organization’s structure and the manner in which it functions is, therefore, critically important. In September last year, leaders expressed their resolve to achieve comprehensive reform of this universal body. One year on, some encouraging progress has been made, including the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council. However, reform of the Security Council remains outstanding on the institutional reform agenda. Perhaps a limited few may find it in their interest to leave the Security Council configured in the way it was in 1945. It is clear, however, that no one stands to gain from the waning credibility that failure to reform could entail. The call for a more effective, representative and transparent Council that can meet the demands of the new century is not mere rhetoric; it is real and urgent. An overwhelming majority of the Member States, including Japan, agree that the international community should approach and carry out reform with a sense of urgency, and Japan is determined to continue to take the initiative in this critical endeavour. The Member States now need a new proposal on Security Council reform — one that is both creative and persuasive — in order to take an early decision during the current session of the General Assembly. At the same time, other important areas for reform must also be addressed. We need concrete results in management reform if we are to demonstrate that the United Nations is capable of reforming itself. It is also our hope that there will be a constructive dialogue on the question of United Nations system- wide coherence, based on the report of the High-level Panel to be issued later this year. In this connection, I would also remind the Member States that world leaders resolved last year to delete the long-obsolete “enemy State” clauses from the United Nations Charter. This is another indication that the United Nations is ready to step out of the past and into the new era. Having made a significant contribution to the activities of the United Nations since its inception, Japan has an exemplary record with regard to the fulfilment of its duties as a Member State, including assessed contributions. Nevertheless, we strongly believe that the United Nations needs a reformed scale- of-assessments structure — one that is more equitable and fair and duly takes into account the status and responsibilities of each Member State. Japan will work together with other Member States to formulate such a structure, which will bring financial stability to this Organization. Our common task for the sixty-first session is to continue our work and translate the decisions on reform made at the World Summit into reality. Let us join forces once again and create an efficient and effective United Nations, so that Member States can better respond to the aspirations and expectations of the international community for a better future.