It is a great honour for me to address the General Assembly at its sixty- first session on behalf of the people of Liberia, not just in my capacity as a leader, but as the first democratically elected woman President in Liberia and in Africa. Let me congratulate you, Madam, on your election as President of the General Assembly at this session. We are proud of you, as the first Arab Muslim woman and the third woman to occupy this noble position. One of your women predecessors, Angie Brooks, hailed from Liberia. I was pleased to honour her last Friday in a moving ceremony here in New York for her dedicated services to our country. Let me also seize this opportunity to pay a well- deserved tribute to your predecessor, Mr. Jan Eliasson of Sweden, for his insightful knowledge and enlightened leadership in steering the affairs of the General Assembly at its sixtieth session. I wish also to welcome and congratulate the Republic of Montenegro for its admission as the one hundred ninety-second Member of the Organization and to assure its delegation of Liberia’s friendship, solidarity and support. Let me now pay special tribute to Mr. Kofi Annan, the outgoing Secretary-General. I had the privilege of working with him as a former senior staff member of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and I am personally aware of his dedication and commitment to the Organization, particularly the reform of the United Nations and the strengthening of its institutions. As I said to him during an honouring ceremony in Monrovia in July, we are proud of his record of enhancing the responsibility of the United Nations: the responsibility to protect the poor from the rich; the weak from the strong; and the humble from the arrogant. The Liberian people, and indeed all the people of Africa, are proud of him and his accomplishments. Sixty-one years ago, when countries gathered in San Francisco to address issues related to the scourge of, and the scars left by, the Second World War, and the need for peace in a post-conflict world, Liberia was there and was a signatory to the Charter of the United Nations. The purposes and principles of the Charter have proved to be of durable value over the years. Times have changed, and the world, too, has changed, beyond what we could have imagined when the Organization was established. Today we are truly a global village, interconnected physically and electronically, increasingly bound by a shared commitment to confront and overcome the challenges that threaten global peace, stability and the well-being of our human family. Yet the original aims and objectives of the United Nations remain today as relevant as they were when the Charter of the Organization was signed 61 years ago. The need to maintain international peace and security, to cultivate friendly relations among nations, to achieve international cooperation in solving global economic, cultural, social and humanitarian problems, and to promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms constitute, and still remain, the cardinal objectives of the Organization. Thus the main focus of this year’s deliberations — the implementation of a global partnership for development — serves to remind us that at this session the General Assembly must vigorously consider how to bring equity to the present international financial, trade and development structures; how to do more to create the conditions that will improve the standard of living of humankind everywhere; how to be sensitive to the needs of developing countries and assure them the dividends of globalization. 7 06-52737 In the new millennium, the United Nations should not operate on the basis of structures designed 61 years ago. We must therefore review the issue of the inequitable representation of the world’s peoples, as reflected by the present structure of the Security Council. It is in that regard that reform of the United Nations is urgent, especially with respect to the decision-making process in a Security Council which is undemocratic and hegemonic. The apparent continued violations of the United Nations Charter by some Member States on account of national interests represent a disguised threat to world peace and security. Hence we must now find an acceptable solution under which nations large and small will receive equal treatment, in consonance with the Charter. The United Nations was conceived to promote world peace, democracy and equity for all. I strongly support women and gender equality, and I look forward with interest to the report of the High-level Panel on System-wide Coherence, appointed by the Secretary-General earlier this year. It is expected to submit its final recommendations on United Nations reform. It is my hope that the establishment of a new, independent United Nations fund or programme for the empowerment of women and gender equality will be fully supported by Member States, and that such a fund will have sufficient resources to support targeted programmes for the empowerment of women. Three years ago, representatives of contending warring factions, political parties and civil society in Liberia gathered in Accra under the auspices of international partners and signed the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. Under provisions of that Agreement, a National Transitional Government was installed in October, 2003, with a mandate to disarm combatants and prepare our country for elections. In October and November, 2005, legislative and presidential elections were held, leading to our historic and landmark election by the Liberian people. The United Nations played a pivotal role in that national transformation. For and on behalf of the Liberian people, I wish to thank the United Nations and other international partners for the mammoth role they played in securing peace and bringing sanity to Liberia. I wish also to express the deep appreciation and gratitude of the people of Liberia and their friends everywhere to the men and women of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) for their active role in securing and enhancing peace and security in our country. I am proud to say that the leadership, commanders, men and women of the various contingents of UNMIL have largely comported themselves well and performed their mission with diligence and dedication. They have sacrificed greatly and persevered in a very challenging peacekeeping environment. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General deserves particular commendation for his foresight and support of our country’s reconstruction efforts. I thank them all sincerely on behalf of the Liberian people. There are others to whom we owe a huge debt of gratitude. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the African Union, the United States of America, the European Union and the People’s Republic of China have been selfless and generous in their material, financial and moral support of our cause. I would be remiss if I did not single out the sacrifices made by our West African brothers and sisters to bring peace and sensibility to a suffering people. We thank them. While we are enjoying a semblance of peace, we are particularly concerned about conflicts in other parts of the world. Of notable concern is the protracted crisis in the Middle East, which continues to create a state of restlessness and threatens world peace and security. From our experience, we have learned that no matter how protracted a conflict, the parties must sit around the table to iron out their differences and make peace. Both the Israeli and the Palestinian authorities owe their respective peoples, and the rest of us in the world, an obligation to break out of their cocoon of pride to resolve their differences harmoniously. We call for the active engagement of the United Nations in the peaceful and amicable resolution of the Middle East crisis. Elsewhere in Africa, and especially in neighbouring Côte d’Ivoire, the standoff in the peace process is troubling. We call on the parties in Côte d’Ivoire to save their people from further punishment by resolving their differences. We call upon the United Nations to continue strong and decisive intervention to prevent it from becoming a wider subregional and regional crisis. 06-52737 8 The situation in Darfur and the slow pace with which it is being addressed require urgent attention. The continued stalemate over whether an African Union or a United Nations force should be deployed or maintained in the region exposes weaknesses in international cooperation and collaboration and demonstrates a lack of international will to address the sufferings and yearnings of the citizens and residents of Darfur, who plead everyday for international intervention. Darfur represents a potential humanitarian catastrophe. The world must not allow a second Rwanda to happen. In the new millennium, civilized nations must not be indifferent to any conflict, internal or external, regardless of the factors that fuel it. The United Nations obligation to protect the helpless and innocent must remain paramount in that regard. My Government therefore calls on this General Assembly and the Security Council to exercise Chapter VII authority to restore peace, security and stability to Darfur. On the other hand, my delegation is pleased with the successful holding of peaceful democratic elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo for the first time in 40 years. We look forward to seeing a peaceful conclusion of the final stage of that process and the ushering-in of a Government elected by the people of that country. It is our hope that the democratic gains made in the Democratic Republic of the Congo will be sustained to enable the new Government to employ the vast national resources of that country for the benefit and welfare of its people. Globalization has significantly altered the world and economic transactions among States. Africa will remain on the periphery of the global village unless we, as leaders, awaken to the imperatives of the ever- changing requirements. The first step towards that process of awakening is the promotion of democracy, free enterprise, good governance, human rights and social justice in our countries and across our continent. There is increasing evidence that shows a direct correlation between the material and moral well-being of a people and their country, and the quality of their democratic environment. My Government is keenly aware of that reality. We have therefore promulgated policies that support openness, transparency, accountability and the equitable distribution of our meagre resources, while endeavouring to address the development and reconstruction challenges of the country. Five years ago on 11 September, 2001, a few miles from this very Hall, terror of unimaginable proportions struck, shocked the world and claimed close to 3,000 precious and innocent lives. As the people of the United States and the families of the innocent dead remember their tragic and irreparable loss this month, the people of Liberia join me in affirming our identification with their loss. We mourned with them then and we mourn with them now. We also resolve, as all civilized nations should, to join the global effort to fight terrorism anywhere in the world, recognizing that it is today the most signal challenge to world peace and collective freedom. The world has witnessed a significant achievement in science and technology, leading to rapid industrialization and the improvement of the standards of living of humankind. Although the gains have led to the development of new medicines and other scientific knowledge, they also pose a threat to the environment and human survival. Rapid industrialization and scientific discoveries can have a damaging impact on the environment. Unless there is a modification in our activities, the pleasure derived from successes in scientific achievement could, sadly, lead to tragedy and doom. Thus, in the race for modernization and development, we cannot ignore the potency of the threats posed to our survival by environmental degradation. Saving the planet is required for the continued existence of its more than 5 billion inhabitants. It is in that regard that my delegation supports the efforts of the Commission on Sustainable Development, the Kyoto Protocol and the decision reached on Agenda 21 during the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, intended to raise international awareness about the degradation of the environment and the need to reverse the negative trend. We trust that environmental issues will remain a priority on the global agenda. Among the many impediments to social and economic development in Africa are poverty, poor health delivery systems, intraregional wars and civil conflicts. The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases has contributed significantly 9 06-52737 to the slowing of progress on the African continent. While countries in the developed world are leaping ahead in science and technology, we are still groping to find the means to combat curable diseases and to join in the search to address incurable ones. The twenty-fifth anniversary of the emergence of HIV/AIDS brought into focus the recognition that that deadly virus has eluded the sophistication of science and technology, thereby posing one of the greatest challenges to our development effort. The political will of Africa is challenged to act speedily to eradicate the virus and combat this health crisis. The Government of Liberia welcomes the partial lifting of the arms embargo and the ban on timber imposed by Security Council resolution 1521 (2003). We also look forward to the lifting of the ban on diamonds as we seek to meet the requirements of Council resolution 1343 (2001). My Government pledges its fullest cooperation in the attainment of the objectives set out in those resolutions. We remain grateful to the international community for the continuous assistance and support provided to our country in its search for peace, security and post-war reconstruction and development. Today, I stand here in testimony to the rebirth of my country — to our re-emergence to assume once more our enviable and critical role as one of the first independent African republics. We are aware that we face awesome challenges: the challenge of rebuilding our infrastructure, including education, health and other institutions; the challenge of addressing generations of gender imbalance, especially as it relates to the education of the girl child; and the challenge of promoting democracy, participation and fundamental freedoms and rights in an environment of equal opportunity. We have made important beginnings, and we remain encouraged by the bilateral support provided by our bilateral and multilateral international partners. The recent visit of the Secretary-General and other similarly important visits by leaders of our continent and of international financial institutions clearly underscore the commitment of the United Nations and the rest of the international community to working with our Government to nurture and strengthen peace and to foster development. In closing, let me say that today, as in the past, Liberia wishes to reaffirm its commitment to the United Nations, this timeworn but irreplaceable machinery and indispensable framework for international peace and international relations. We must all join our steadfast forces to make this institution work for the good of humankind.