134. Madam President, kindly accept, through me, the warmest congratulations of the Government of Dr. François Duvalier, President for Life of the Republic of Haiti, and of the brother people of Haiti on your unanimous election to the presidency of the General Assembly of the United Nations, one of the highest bodies in the world. 135. Liberia was one of the first countries of Black Africa to establish diplomatic relations with Haiti, through the exchange of ambassadors, and the visits to my country of your great President, Mr. William S. Tubman, and more recently of one of your Foreign Ministers and one of your Vice-Presidents, still live in the memory of our countrymen. 136. We welcome your election, Madam President, as that of a representative of a sister nation; but in our eyes and those of our brothers by race it is also symbolic. 137. A little over a century and a half ago Haiti won its independence through the tears and blood of its sons, and almost a century and a half ago your ancestors, having left America in search of a new fatherland, founded the Republic of Liberia, where they succeeded in merging the newcomers and the tribes already there in a happy symbiosis. My country and yours were for a long time the rare regions of the world where the negro had the right to walk with his head held high. 138. Now you are presiding over the Assembly of the peoples of the world only a few years after another African, Alex Quaison-Sackey of Ghana, so presided. 139. This is a happy symbol of the great brotherhood of man, of the advent, perhaps not far off, of an era in which all peoples, without distinction as to race or colour, will walk side by side towards the achievement of a better destiny, at one in the great civilization of the masses of the people, where general well-being will cease to be a vain delusion or a mere crumb of comfort for the underprivileged peoples of the third world. 140. Before concluding these words of congratulation, may I pay a heartfelt tribute to the memory of Mr. Emilio Arenales, a diplomat of rare quality, a brilliant orator with a diversity of talents, a man of uncommon courtesy, one of the most outstanding men of our Latin America, who presided with tact and authority over the work of the preceding session of the United Nations General Assembly and whom the merciless reaper took from his country and from us all in the fullness of his genius. 141. And to you, Madam President, I renew my wishes for a successful and fruitful leadership. 142. We are almost at the end of the First United Nations Development Decade; the Preparatory Committee for the Second Development Decade has already drawn up the programme of work and calendar of meetings, in conformity with General Assembly resolution 2411 (XXIII), concerned essentially with defining the main elements of the international development strategy and with establishing an order of priority for the questions to be considered: the rate of growth, financial and economic assistance to developing countries, the world demographic situation and several other equally important points. 143. According to the annual report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, His Excellency U Thant [see document A/7601, p. 105], the world economic and financial situation showed a distinct improvement during the year 16 June 1968 to 15 June 1969, indicating some progress over the previous year. The analysis of a number of indicators in the field of personal income, consumption and welfare and the extent to which, by means of investment and institutional adaptation, the productive capacity of the developing countries has improved were considered to be encouraging signs. 144. According to the same report [ibid., p. 106], industrial recovery in the Federal Republic of Germany and the continued rapid industrial growth in Japan helped to raise the rate of increase in world manufacturing (outside mainland China) to above 7.5 per cent, about 3.3 per cent higher than in the previous interval. Vigorous industrial expansion was also recorded in some of the developing countries of eastern Asia: China (Taiwan), Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea and, to a somewhat lesser degree, the Philippines, raising the region’s rate of growth in manufacturing production to 10 per cent, about three times as high as in.1967. A marked recovery was also registered in some countries—notably Argentina and Brazil. 145. The only shadows on this bright picture, in which no reference is made to the developing countries of low productivity in Africa and Latin America, are the constant disequilibrium in the reserve currency countries, the marked deterioration of balance in the European Economic Community and the relatively vulnerable external position of France, the United Kingdom and the United States. 146. Let us hope that these facts, which show the other side of the picture, do not portend an economic crisis on a world scale like that of the 1930s, a recurrence of which according to the experts, would be quite impossible in view of the precautions taken and the new criteria adopted. 147. But leaving aside the results of the year June 1968-June 1969, which were quite brilliant in some respects, has the United Nations Development Decade achieved all the objectives it set itself? It may be doubted. 148. Here we are in the ninth year of the First Decade. Having nearly run the whole set course, can we really see on the horizon any glimmer of hope for a better future? 149. The reply must apparently be in the negative. The demographic dynamism of the developing countries, reluctantly resigned to practise a family planning policy restricting the growth of available manpower—sometimes condemned through under-employment to expatriation but despite everything a possible factor of progress and source of foreign currency earnings—the policy of many States to decrease financial aid, either in order to ward off the danger of monetary crisis or to slow down an economic expansion that has become a real cause for concern for certain Governments, the difficulty of finding sources of international financing—all these are disquieting signs for the deprived countries of the third world. 150. Are not the conclusions put forward in 1966 by Mr. Philippe de Seynes, Under-Secretary for Economic and Social Affairs, still valid today? “It must be clearly noted”, he said at that time, “that the flow of capital towards the third world has not increased in a period of exceptionally rapid growth, and we can imagine what it will be if we are to enter a period of less rapid growth”—a period that, despite optimistic conclusions, the above-mentioned facts might well usher in. 151. Basing himself on a study by the Hudson Institute, Mr. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, in his book The American Challenge, which is not without some attempt at sensationalism, stated that within some thirty years, subject to “unforeseen changes“ (perhaps a simple stylistic precaution), the classification of nations would be as follows: “The post-industrial societies will be, in this order: the United States, Japan, Canada, Sweden. That is all. “The advanced industrial societies that have the potential to become post-industrial include: Western Europe, the Soviet Union, Israel, East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Australia and New Zealand. “The following nations will become consumer societies: Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile, Colombia, South Korea, Malaysia, Formosa, and the other countries of Europe. “The rest of the world—China, India, most of South America, the Arab countries and Black Africa—will not even have reached the industrial stage.“ 152. Thus is announced cold-bloodedly to the countries of the third world their long-term condemnation to certain poverty as a result of some irreversible determinism. 153. These same reasons explain the moving appeals of the Heads of State of the developing countries, who are alarmed to see that the development of the economy of countries with meagre resources has proved difficult and that the gap between the economies of the affluent and the poor countries continues to grow, so that the rich countries daily become richer and the poor countries poorer. 154. We, the developing countries of Latin America, have heard, in the inter-American system, the successive promises of Operation Pan-America, proposed by Brazil, the Bogota Charter, the first meeting at Punta del Este and, finally, the Alliance of Progress. 155. The results have been so disappointing that the present United States President, Mr. Richard M. Nixon, felt it necessary to send Mr. Nelson A. Rockefeller, the Governor of the State of New York, on a tour of the Latin American countries for a complete review, in all sectors, of United States policy vis-a-vis its Latin American partners. 156. The choice of the Presidential emissary was a happy one. It was thought that Mr. Nelson A. Rockefeller, who belongs to the liberal wing of the Republican Party and was for some time at the State Department in charge of United States relations with Latin America, could count on many friendships in the countries he was to visit, and he had in addition a large number of business contacts. 157. In his visits to the various Latin American countries he met with varying receptions. In Haiti he was received with that cordiality, that sense of hospitality, that respect for the foreigner that are characteristic of our race, which “nourishes no hatred in the heart against anyone”. 158. Dr. Francois Duvalier, President for Life of the Republic of Haiti, handed him a memorandum for the President of the United States, in which he vigorously stressed the urgent need for close co-operation in all sectors and the responsibilities of the leader of the Latin American countries towards those countries. In it he stated: “We should like to express the hope that the United States of North America, which we have always recognized as the leader of the Western Hemisphere, will remember that we have stood by it ever since the memorable battle of Savannah, ever since the magnificent dialogue between Toussaint Louverture and John Quincy Adams, right up to the days of the present President for Life of the Republic who, always desirous of pursuing the dialogue, pointed out again and again to many American friends and American Ambassadors the danger that the disappearance of General Fulgencio Batista would represent....But the leader of the world’s first black republic was not heeded. “The United States of North America has assumed the leadership of the continent. “I have expressed the view that it is, desirable to recognize and appreciate the burdens carried by a great Power and the nature of the difficulties it encounters when it assumes the responsibilities of leadership. That is why I have always sought the attentive and enlightened understanding of the Heads of Government of your country, or of its high officials, without, let us say quite frankly, the desired success. The leader of the world’s first black republic was not understood. He himself has known only lack of understanding and vacillation on the part of our great neighbour, vacillation and lack of understanding which go back to the first Pan-American Conference at Panama in 1826 and up to the various conferences at Punta del Este. Nevertheless, despite vacillation and lack of understanding, Haiti continues to solicit the attention of its great neighbour, the leader, the United States of North America, for the safeguard of its own security, which is linked with that of the entire Latin American sub-continent and of all other Caribbean countries. With the historic obligation of mutual assistance that was sealed with the blood shed by my ancestors on the plains of Savannah for the conquest of the freedom and independence of the United States of North America, I have, in all sincerity, sought the establishment, on such foundations, of a firm, frank, loyal and brotherly friendship; I have sought the establishment of a broad, genuine and effective co-operation with a view to assisting the Haitian nation, the Haitian people and my Government to be ready to participate in the destinies of the United States of North America in particular and of the continent in general.” 159. The grave political crises that might hurl mankind into the abyss are the logical consequence of the division of the world into the wealthy and the underprivileged countries and of the lack of international co-operation. They also stem from the manifest desire of the dominant Powers to monopolize the sources of raw materials that guarantee material and intellectual well-being, whether they be sources of energy like the petroleum deposits of the Middle East, distant plantations of so-called allies, or mines that provide them with strategic metals such as nickel, ciromium, aluminium, manganese and copper, to say nothing of uranium—some of them essential to the steel industry and the successful operation of steel foundries, others for the manufacture of deterrent weapons. 160. If we wish to trace back the basic causes of the crises in the Middle East, in Biafra and in Viet-Nam, and of the events in Czechoslovakia, we could analyse them as follows, against a horizon on which it is impossible to say whether the spectre of nuclear war, of an apocalyptic destruction of our civilization, looms near or far. 161. With regard to Viet-Nam, we are advancing stealthily towards what has been called, in a happy euphemism, the Viet-Namization of the war, in other words, confrontation of the dominant Powers through third parties. 162. To satisfy national public opinion, the United States Executive first, under the Democratic administration, ended the bombing of North Viet-Nam; then under the present Republican administration, it effected the withdrawal of a number of United States units, more and more of which are to be withdrawn as the forces of President Thieu become able to take over the responsibilities of the war. 163. The first operation, carried out with consummate skill or, shall we say, diplomacy, with olive branch held out and the desire of the American people for peace well in evidence, aroused a real wave of enthusiasm throughout the world. Thousands of messages of encouragement were sent to President Johnson, among them that of President Duvalier, which I had the honour of reading from this rostrum last year [1679th meeting]. 164. The second operation ordered by President Nixon was also interpreted as a demonstration of the will for peace of the great American nation. 165. But, to be objective, it must be recognized that the Paris talks have made very little progress, North Viet-Nam and its ally, the National Liberation Front, having declared their determination to continue the struggle until the departure of the allied troops and the elimination of what they call the puppet government of President Thieu. If, therefore, the latter manages to hold out, with the help, of course, of advisers and the supply of the necessary arms, the action threatens to go on for some time to come. 166. It is to be hoped, however, that the Viet-Nam phase of the war will be of short duration and will end in a compromise. The struggle has already produced too many innocent victims and has offered to the eyes of the civilized world such a display of calamities and horrors that any kind of peaceful solution, however lame, has become desirable. 167. The war in the Middle East, following Israel’s victory after six days of fighting, has degenerated into a war of attrition carried out against the victor by the coalition of Arab countries, and into a disguised holy war following the unfortunate burning of the Al Aqsa Mosque. 168. But here, too, the Powers concerned are watching jealously over the maintenance of the balance of power. The armed forces of the United Arab Republic, having been put to a severe test when the first blow was struck, with their air force destroyed on the ground, have been carefully built up again and trained by qualified experts, while Israel, with the delivery of new combat aircraft, has regained all its striking power. Newspaper headlines stress the will to battle of the adversaries. “Israeli jets”, says a newspaper of 13 September, “launched a devastating raid along the Gulf of Suez at Ras Zafarana and at Ras Ghareb”; “Fire and the holy war“, says another paper; “One with the nation, the Israeli army exerts a decisive influence“, states a widely read monthly publication. All this adds fuel to the fire. 169. I could not fail to applaud once again this year the noble efforts of the Secretary-General to restore peace in the Middle East. He deserves full credit for having brought the four great Powers, permanent members of the Security Council, together on the Middle East problem. After having enjoined the four great Powers, in an appeal on 12 September, to intensify their efforts to restore peace, the secretary-General made arrangements for a working dinner on 20 September for the four Foreign Ministers present in New York. May it produce good results! 170. Another irritating problem that has for a good many years defeated all United Nations efforts is that of the apartheid policy of South Africa, to which have been added the problems of South West Africa and of the Rhodesia of the rebel Ian Smith. 171. South Africa’s policy of apartheid, a system of out-and-out racial segregation enforced upon 12 million blacks by a white minority of scarcely 3.5 million, imposes upon its victims restrictions that would have been inconceivable even in the slave societies of the past: they are forbidden to move about freely within their borders or to go beyond them, they are forbidden to go about after a certain hour, they are required to live in places appointed by the white authorities, their right to education is limited and they are completely segregated from the dominant group, which uses the black man only for the labour which it finds repugnant. 172. The system displays a proud prosperity and reference is constantly made to a rich South Africa, when its wealth is the fruit of the most shameful exploitation of man by man. 173. The wishes of the various United Nations bodies, and the resolutions adopted by them under the vigorous urging of the Committee on Apartheid, have remained dead letters. 174. About six years ago, the Prime Minister of the Republic of South Africa initiated the hypocritical policy of the bantustans, which are nothing more than reservations separated from the areas occupied by individuals of the superior race, the two races being allowed neither to see nor to communicate with each other. 175. That, according to Pretoria, is a progressive liberalization of the system, a step towards a certain degree of autonomy granted to the blacks, towards the setting up of a sort of commonwealth in which the Republic of South Africa would be the nerve centre and the various black reserves satellite republics. But good care has been taken not to indicate when the period of evolution would end. Will it come about in sixty years, in three hundred years? No one knows. The system, it is to be hoped, will lead to numerous ambiguities and risks for its creators. 176. The Pretoria authorities have applied the same policy in the Territory of South West Africa, considered by Pretoria to have been annexed by right cf conquest after the iniquitous judgement of the Court of The Hague, which, ruling on form rather than on substance, decided in 1966 that Liberia and Ethiopia, Members of the former League of Nations and duly commissioned by the Organization of African Unity, had neither a right nor a juridical interest in the subject of their request. 177. And the same system is gradually taking root in Southern Rhodesia, despite the sanctions which have greatly shaken its economy and which will ultimately, at least this is the hope of all free men, ruin it completely. There again, as in the case of the Middle East, the solution to the problem lies in the hands of the four great Powers, the permanent members of the Security Council. 178. But no social system based on iniquity is viable. Nothing can halt the march of history. The struggle of peoples for freedom will go on gaining in intensity and sooner or later will come the collapse of the hideous system of apartheid, inaugurated in South Africa and extended to South West Africa—now Namibia—and Southern Rhodesia. The prosperity of rich South Africa will be but a sad episode in the annals of the history of man’s inhuman cruelty. 179. Many other questions, of equal importance and of vital interest for mankind, have still to be settled; general and complete disarmament, a problem that has been discussed at Geneva for years; the urgent need to suspend nuclear and thermonuclear tests; a comprehensive study of the whole question of peace-keeping operations in all its aspects. 180. Let us point out, however, that at the noble initiative of Mexico, with the support of the whole Latin American group, the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America was concluded in Mexico [see resolution 2286 (XXII)], and that instruments of ratification have been deposited by all the signatory States. Let us also point out that a convention held recently in the Aztec capital, under the chairmanship of the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of Mexico, studied the ways and means of implementing that Treaty. May that example be followed in the interest of the protection of the third world! 181. As far as my country is concerned, the analysis for the year 1967-1968 made by the competent service for the various sectors—agriculture, mining, quarrying and construction, manufacturing, electricity and drinking water, transport and communications, trade, banking, insurance and real estate, housing government and services— contributing to the establishment of the national product has, in the face of the ever-growing population figures, shown a slight drop in per capita income. 182. This situation may be explained in part by the low rate of investment in the private and public sectors and by the fall in export earnings owing to a contraction in the volume of exported raw materials as a result of the devastating effects of hurricanes Flora, Cleo and Inez, whose after-effects are still being felt. 183. Faced with such a situation, the great leader of the nation, Dr. Francois Duvalier, President for Life of the Republic of Haiti, having considered that the Duvalier revolution had achieved its administrative and organizational objectives during its first decade, in full accord with the values and concepts of his own ancestral heritage, decided that the second decade of the Revolution should be devoted to the promotion of the Haitian economy. 184. He expressed this with force and authority in his message of 13 August 1968, entitled “The Haitian road to planning“. I quote: “The call to adapt or perish applies to all nations, large or small, developed or developing. One of the most edifying tasks of the age is to build a more harmonious, more humane and more just society, in freedom and self-determination and not as a reflect on or model of societies that are proposed or that it might be desired to impose. The refusal in this regard is clear and positive. “My struggle for the past ten years has been to build a sure and stable socio-political structure that can provide support and protection for the tasks of the decade of organization and adaptation in the specific Haitian context. A Government that does not constantly watch over the adaptation of men and of structures, a modern writer has said, is a bad manager, just as an engineer who lives only on past knowledge is a bad technician. “You must remember—if the Executive Secretary, my Minister of Finance, has not already said the same—the options and priorities that must prevail in the drawing up and implementation of the 1968-1969 plan of action: “I. First and foremost, the Francois Duvalier hydro-electric power station in Péligre, the symbol of our forthcoming economic independence; “II. The Southern Road, which unquestionably demonstrates the expertise of the Haitian technician in ensuring the movement of goods and persons inside the country, as the magnificent poem in stone and concrete, the Francois Duvalier International Airport, has done in the case of foreign communications; “III. An agricultural programme in which projects must be selected according to the extent to which they are able to meet our needs for foreign currency and to raise the purchasing power and general level of living of the rural masses, which constitute the national majority.” 185. As a result of these specific instructions and of the mobilization of all the vital forces of the nation, the Péligre hydro-electric power station began to take shape. Not only did the civil engineering work, which was carried out with rare competence by Haitian technicians, make it possible to bring into operation the heavy equipment necessary for completion of work on the plant, but the work on the Southern Road was pursued with vigor. 186. On 3 January 1969, extolling the profound truth of the Revolution, President Duvalier made known to the people that the sacrifices they had made had not been in vain. He said: “Tomorrow, my dear fellow citizens, I feel—and, why should I not say so, I know—that you will come to offer your sorrows, your tears, your blood, your sacrifices and your courages, in the achievement of the Francois Duvalier hydro-electric power station at Péligre, so that light may burst forth and shine like sunlight into the smallest cottages and in the spirits of men. “Thus tomorrow, 3 January 1969, Haiti is making its second payment of $517,000 required under the contract signed on 3 May 1968 in respect of the turbines to be delivered to Péligre in March 1969. “In the vast infrastructural sector, the year 1968 saw considerable advances. Construction work on the Southern Road, of which 200 kilometres have been completed, continues with the same vigour. The bridges at Carrefour and Petionville, as well as educational centres and dispensaries, have been inaugurated. The construction work on the bridge at Momance and the maintenance work on the Plaisance-Limbé, Saint Marc, Pont Sondé-Péligre and Morne to Cabrit Mirebalais roads are well advanced. “In the general field of culture, letters, the arts, the sciences and technology, the National inheritance has been enriched by powerful and useful works.” 187. In this respect, the Mémoires d’un leader du tiers monde by Mr. Francois Duvalier, is still the book of the year for Haiti. In that work, the President for Life of the Republic has given a lively and detailed description of the negotiations that were to lead to the setting up of a Haitian episcopal hierarchy: an archbishop, one of the youngest in the world, and three bishops. This was the necessary consequence of the socio-political revolution inaugurated more than ten years ago by the Chief of State of Haiti; it marked the recognition by Rome of the spiritual maturity of the Haitian people and the Haitian Church. 188. A French critic has paid a well-deserved tribute to the literary and historic value of this work: “The very title of the work which Dr. Francois Duvalier has just had published by Hachette conveys the dominant idea of the policy which he proposes for the consideration of Haitian youth and of the peoples of the third world. “There can be found in it the essential points of his militant doctrine for what he calls the black homeland, for which, in the manner of Charles Péguy, he says he feels physical love. “His faith in the civilizing mission of the Church, the education that he received in the family and in the sugar plantations of Carrefour and Cold River, have been strengthened with the years, especially since, according to Ernest Lavisse, one must never believe in the uselessness of history to the point of trying to separate scientific work from the moral and social education of the citizens of a democracy.“ 189. Thus the programme from September 1967 to September 1969 was carried out for the Haitian people, whose heart has never ceased to beat in unison with that of its leader, in the midst of all manner of difficulties and sacrifices voluntarily accepted to ensure the future of the country in the hope—to use the words of Mr. Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, already quoted—that some “unforeseen change“, but one fervently desired by the Haitian nation, will help it to move from a certain phase of development where the “rest of the world” now finds itself to a more advanced stage. 190. Despite its financial difficulties, Haiti, faithful to its Pan American vocation, has not failed to respond to the appeal of Mr. Galo Plaza, Secretary-General of the Organization of American States, for the establishment of an emergency fund to assist struggling countries. Mr. Plaza stated that $45,000 had been contributed to this fund, of which $25,000 were allocated from the working capital fund of OAS, $5,000 given by the Government of Panama and $20,000 given by the Government of Haiti. Thus my country, despite its modest means, values the ideals of peace, solidarity and fraternity which form the basis of the regional organization that groups the countries of this hemisphere. 191. All these efforts have been achieved despite the traps laid for the Haitian people and its leader by a clique of ambitious men who, in their country of exile, have not reconciled themselves to having been driven from power by the just anger of the people or to having lost their selfish and undeserved privileges as shameless exploiters of the majority classes. 192. These kings-in-exile have found allies among the hack writers in the pay of the enemies of all those who do not belong to the master race, irresponsible journalists who, having abused the generous hospitality of Haiti, have turned their poisoned and ill-famed pens against their benefactors of yesterday. 193. They have even recruited supporters, to whom they have no doubt promised substantial dividends. 194. For example, on 4 June, despite the strictest rules of territorial asylum, they sent from a territory adjacent to the Republic of Haiti a four-engined Super-Constellation air-craft, the tail and fuselage of which had been painted in Haitian colours, black and red, and which was loaded with incendiary bombs. Those bombs were aimed at the National Palace, the Chancellery building, the school of the Republic of Venezuela, where nearly 3,000 children were taking examinations for primary certificates, the Institution of Saint-Louis de Gonzague, the Sainte-Rose de Lima boarding school and Bird College, which has over a thousand students. Fortunately the targets were not hit. There were one or two fires, quickly brought under control, in some heavily populated areas of the capital and a few unfortunate victims, among them a child, the daughter of a member of the domestic staff of the United States Embassy at Port-au-Prince. The action lasted less than a quarter of an hour. As soon as the Haitian fighter aircraft took to the air, the pirate aircraft flew away and just managed to land at a military base in a neighbouring island, the fuselage riddled with bullets and the pilot’s seat half torn away. 195. Shame on these assassins, murderers of women and children, whose action only strengthens the solidarity of the Haitian people with its Government. 196. There is no end to the list of acts of banditry against the Haitian nation and its leader by these power-hungry people. 197. On 13 January 1969, the police seized a training camp for Haitian exiles in a great neighbouring country. 198. On 17 August these exiles met on the territory of a country which maintains normal diplomatic relations with Haiti. Men of God, forgetting their sacred vocation, spoke at the gathering and made a collection for the purchase of weapons. 199. Lastly, plans were made to assassinate the Haitian Counsul in a large town of the continent; his life was only saved through the protection of the local police. 200. I suggest that these enemies of the people, if they are still capable of so doing, should ponder the following words of the President for Life of Haiti, in his message of 2 January to the Haitian nation—words that have been taken up by another leader of the people: “A higher power impels me to an unknown goal. Until that goal has been attained I shall be invulnerable and unshakable. Once I am no longer necessary, a fly will be enough to overcome me.” 201. In concluding my statement, I would offer to my suffering brethren in Africa these consoling words of the Sovereign Pontiff, His holiness Pope Paul VI, when he took leave of Dr. Obote, President of Uganda: “We carry also in our heart the sufferings of all those whose voices cannot be heard. For them we shall pray that peace and fraternal aid will heal their wounds, tend their sickness and alleviate their sufferings. We address this appeal to all men of goodwill, and especially to the Africans, who are better placed to help their fellow citizens of this continent.” 202. I should like to declare once again the faith of the Government and people of Haiti in the standards, principles and noble aims of the United Nations Charter and to express the hope that, through the action of our Organization, there may reign upon this earth a little more of the spirit of justice, peace and fraternity.