I greet all the citizens of the world who have come here — as they do every year — for this gathering of such great importance for the world. I am very pleased to be back in New York and at the United Nations following a few years’ absence. I am very grateful for all the cooperation and the manner in which our delegation has been received. Last night we visited Lincoln Center to see a film made by Oliver Stone during the past year. The title of the film already stirs your thoughts. It is called “South of the Border”. In this film, you can see President Evo Morales chewing coca leaves, together with Oliver Stone. And, as President Morales says, coca is not the same as cocaine. You can see Cristina, the President of Argentina, and the automobile of General Perón. You can hear what she has to say about events in South America, in Latin America. And you can see Lula, the President of Brazil, in the Guajira region of Venezuela, working with us to help the indigenous peoples, who were exploited for centuries, through core industrial projects. You will see President Fernando Lugo, a bishop and liberation theologian, living today in the residence occupied for many years by Stroessner. And you can see how a bishop became a president. You can also see Rafael Correa, the President of Ecuador, in Havana with President Raúl Castro. You can see Fidel. You can even see Obama, in Trinidad, chatting with a group of us, with his hand held out to us and an open smile. I think it is an interesting film, one of the many made by this great filmmaker of the United States, Oliver Stone. He had already made two films about Fidel, “Looking for Fidel” and “El Comandante”. There is a lot in this film, many messages that could help us to decipher the enigmas of the times in which we live. We stayed behind after the film was over last night, chatting with a group of people from the United States and other parts of the world. And this contact was very instructive and very symptomatic of the importance of what Fidel calls “the battle of ideas”. A lady in her fifties came up to me and said “I am very happy”. She was a North American, very white; a typical United States citizen, born in this country, but she spoke some Spanish. She told me, “I am very 09-52425 2 happy”. And I asked her why. “Because, now having seen this movie, I realize what you are. I thought you were a very bad person”. This person was a victim of the hostile media bombardment, the ideological bombardment, of the United States and of the entire world, whose aim is to turn reality inside out and to turn the world upside down, as Eduardo Galeano put it. The film is called “South of the Border” and I am taking advantage of this opportunity and that title to tell you that, south of the border, a revolution is under way. A revolution is under way in South America. A revolution is under way in Latin America. There is a revolution in the Caribbean. The world must see this, it must truly realize this and accept it, because it is a reality and it is not going to change. What is more, this is a revolution that goes beyond ideology. It is a geographical and geopolitical revolution. It is a historic revolution; it is part of our times. It has very deep roots. It is a total, moral and spiritual revolution. And we believe that it is a necessary revolution. This revolution is great in both spirit and magnitude, and it is going to keep growing as the days, months and years go by. And why is it great? It is great because it has been a long time coming: centuries of history have led up to this moment in time. It is great in terms of the space that it covers. I am not going to speak any longer than Mr. Al-Qadhafi. Al-Qadhafi has said everything there is to say. This applause is for Al-Qadhafi and his speech. But nor will I speak any less than Mr. Obama, or Lula. I was explaining why this revolution is great. First, because of time, the accumulated time that has gone by. It is centuries, centuries of battles, of struggles, of hopes, of suffering of millions and millions of human beings in Latin America and the Caribbean. This revolution is great in the area it covers. This revolution is great in the depth of its foundations. This revolution is great in the masses of people that are joining it. No one seeks to slow it down and no one will be able to. Yesterday, it was said by President Morales here (see ), by this great companion and indigenous leader of the Aymara, Evo Morales. He also said it in the film, which you should not miss, “South of the Border”. Oliver Stone told me last night that pressure is already being exerted to prevent the American people from seeing it. Where is their freedom of expression? It is just a movie. How can they be afraid of a movie? But there is already pressure from the monopolies that run the film industry, that operate the theatres — these are all monopolies and they are putting on pressure. But the movie will be shown elsewhere. Fortunately, we are in the age of computers and telecommunications. We no longer depend on movie theatres run by monopolies. In the film, Evo, speaking with Oliver Stone, recalls a phrase pronounced by a great leader of the Aymara, an ancestor of his who was murdered, just one of the many millions that were murdered by the Spanish, Portuguese and English invasion, by the European invasion of our continent. I know that all present are aware that when the European ships arrived at the American shores there were approximately 90 million indigenous people living here. Two hundred years later only four million survived. This is one of the greatest genocides in history — the genocide of the continent itself, of the Abya Yala, as our indigenous people call it. So Evo in the movie repeats the sentence uttered by this great Aymara leader, who was drawn and quartered — he was tied to four horses by the arms and legs and he was torn apart, and as he died the Indian uttered a prophesy: “Today I die,” said Túpac Katari, “today I die, but one day I will return as millions.” Túpac Katari has returned, and we are millions. We are millions. Nothing and no one can hold back the great South American, Latin American, Caribbean revolution. And I think the world should support it. The United States should support it. Europe should support it, because this revolution — some brothers and sisters may not have noticed — is the start of the road to salvation for this planet, and to salvation for the human race, threatened as it is by capitalism, imperialism, hunger and war. This is the necessary revolution. For centuries this has been called “the New World”. Now we can truly call it “a new world”. Years ago — as we recalled last night — I was invited to a conversation — a large group of important leaders. They were important in their own right. They were trade union leaders here in the United States. Some workers were complaining about a biscuit factory that was not paying them. They were striking, and one of them asked me, “Why don’t you buy that factory?” And I said, “I’ll see. Maybe we can make it a 3 09-52425 socialist biscuit factory, if Obama gives me permission. Maybe we could do that — buy it, give it to the workers, let them make the crackers and distribute them. Why should there just be one or two capitalists exploiting a lot of people?” That is socialism and that is the path to salvation for this planet. Yesterday a journalist asked me — after the movie there was forum at which he asked me — “Do you defend socialism even though the Soviet Union failed?” The reply is very simple. The Soviet Union lost its way early on. There was never real socialism in the Soviet Union. But this century, the twenty-first century, will be the century of socialism — the socialism of the human race. I’m sure everyone listening to me has read Einstein. Albert Einstein convinced the American President to build the atomic bomb — to begin the research before the Nazis did. Then later he regretted what he had done when he saw the disaster of Hiroshima and the disaster of Nagasaki. But Albert Einstein, after all his years of study, the great scientist, among the greatest scientists ever to have walked the Earth, came to the conclusion — and this is written in his own hand — “Why socialism?” Einstein came to the conclusion that the only way for the human race to live on this planet is socialism. Capitalism is the road to extinction of the human species. We as a species have only been around for what? This is Castro territory, he knows these figures. But, whereas life first appeared here at least three billion years ago, we the human species only appeared maybe less than 300,000 years ago, hardly 0.01 per cent of the time that life has existed on this planet. So we appear after so long and we’re going to wipe out life on this planet? We’ve heard it from everybody — Obama, Lula, Cristina Fernández, Al-Qadhafi, Sarkozy — everyone said the same thing. They have all clamoured for change. And what is the change? Capitalism allows no change. Let us not fool ourselves. It’s only through socialism that we can bring about genuine change. And the revolution in Latin America has it all and it has a strong socialist element. As Mariátequi, the great Peruvian thinker said, it is an Indian-American socialism. It is our own socialism. It is a Bolivarian socialism. It is a José Martí socialism. It is a new socialism. It has not been copied from anybody else. There are no manuals for socialism, said Mariátequi. It is a heroic creation that has to be constantly reinvented. Yesterday we were remembering what a North American President, that is to say a United States President, said shortly before he was assassinated, and this is on the record, in a speech before the United States Congress. John Kennedy spoke of a revolution in the South, saying that the principal cause was hunger. Only a few days later he was assassinated. John Kennedy was not a revolutionary, but he was an intelligent man, just as I think President Obama is an intelligent man. And I hope God protects Obama from the bullets that killed Kennedy. I hope Obama will be able to look and see — genuinely see — what has to be seen. It does not smell of sulphur here anymore. That smell has gone. It smells of something else — it smells of hope. And you have to have hope in your heart and believe in the hope. We cannot destroy this planet. What about our children? What about future generations? Come, let’s take on the challenge. Lula was saying yesterday that there was no political will. Those words were whips. I know Lula’s will. I am deeply aware of his humane attitude. He is a true brother of mine, and he was right to say what he said. But I would not exactly say that there is no political will. I would say rather that some political will is lacking, because Lula has it and we have it, but it has to be increased. It has to continue to grow in the leaders, in society, among the people, among the youth — particularly in the hearts of the young — and the workers, everywhere in the world. Kennedy said it: there is a revolution in the South. And he added, “Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will make violent revolution inevitable”. Jack Kennedy said that. You can find it on the Internet; you can find everything on the Internet. My dear Maria Fernanda Espinosa, once ambassador from fraternal Ecuador, whom I have not seen for days. We’d like to say hello to President Correa. The ambassador was Minister for Foreign Affairs at the beginning of the citizens’ revolution, with Correa leading the people of Ecuador, the people of Manuela Saenz and Bolivar and Eloy Alfaro, the noble and great people in Bolivia and that whole area. Some are trying to block the path to our peaceful revolution. And there’s another brave woman, Patricia Rodas, the Foreign Minister of Honduras; please, a hand for this brave Central American woman, from the people of Morazán. Long live Honduras! Long live Morazán! And long live the dignity of the people! 09-52425 4 At 1 p.m. exactly, I was jotting down these notes — I don’t have much farther to go, Mr. President; don’t anybody throw a shoe at me. The Cuban Minister has taken off his shoe to throw it at me. He had some rubber shoes — if you are going to throw me a shoe, throw one of those. I spoke to Manuel Zelaya at 1 p.m. sharp; I remember it was 1 p.m. sharp — we started at 1 and finished at 1.13. While we are here, comrades of the world, there is a President, firm, dignified, who with a small group of people, almost martyrs, was able to escape those trying to carry out a coup d’état. The perpetrators of the coup had brought repression to the Plaza Morazán in Tegucigalpa and had taken every single road. They had an entire army; it was as if they had invaded Honduras with their own army — what an indignity. From here I make an appeal — I, who am a revolutionary soldier — to the soldiers of Honduras, to the sons of Morazán to not continue to repress an innocent people. While we are here, Manuel Zelaya, the President of Honduras, is in the Brazilian embassy, which has given him refuge. According to what the President has told me, there are more than 200 soldiers surrounding the embassy in the most brutal fashion. Were they trying to go back to the Stone Age? It will not work. Is that what the perpetrators of the coup d’état had in mind? They will be swept away by the wind of the new age. The coup cannot succeed, these regressive forces cannot have their way, not in Honduras, not in any of the countries of the Americas. These people have been out in the streets for 90 days, resisting, resisting, resisting. So, there we have a President, firm in his conviction, with a group of compatriots, with his wife, the First Lady. Apparently they are not letting food through; the water is cut off every now and then. Luckily there is a cistern with water. This morning they were able to get some of the most up-to-date telephone interception equipment, which the President told me is an Israeli brand. Israel has recognized the coup d’état Government; I think it is the only country in the world that has. They have all kinds of equipment to block signals and jam communications, and they are also trying to create panic among the few people inside the Brazilian embassy, threatening them with incursion into the embassy. Does the Assembly realize how retrograde this is? It is like some kind of trolls or dark giants or magicians, something from the age of the cavemen. But they will not return. The people are in the street, protesting. The airport is closed now. Who is behind the coup d’état? It is the Honduran bourgeoisie; the State is taken over by the bourgeoisie, by the rich. Four or five wealthy, powerful families own the State. I think we have to pull out our copies of Lenin, his State and Revolution, where he talks about the bourgeois State, the control of everything by the bourgeois State including the national congress, the judiciary, the army. The people are in the street, but they are being fired on. Yesterday the President told me that he knows of at least three people in the vicinity of the Brazilian embassy who were killed. And the President is asking for dialogue, so as to return to the road to democracy. So let us send the expression of our strongest solidarity to the people of Honduras and President Zelaya, and let us ask that the United Nations resolution be complied with, and the resolution of the Organization of American States. The United States Government — and this is strange — has not recognized that a military coup d’état has occurred. President Zelaya told me today that there is some friction between the State Department and the Pentagon. Yesterday I was reading Pentagonism, a book by the great Dominican author Juan Bosch, who was overthrown by imperialism. The Pentagon is the imperial cave. They do not want Obama. They do not want change. They want to dominate the world with their military bases, with all their threats, their bombs, their soldiers and bases. The Pentagon is behind the coup in Honduras. President Zelaya was dragged out of his home, out of his bed, at dawn on 28 June, taken to a plane, bundled up by Honduran soldiers under command from the United States base there, in Palmerola. The plane took off from Tegucigalpa and landed at the Palmerola base. They held the Honduran President there for some time. Then they decided to take him to Costa Rica. The American military in Honduras knew about the coup; they supported it. They supported the Honduran military. Hence the contradictions that Obama has to face. At times we wonder if are there two Obamas — the one who spoke here yesterday and the other — a double? The one who supports, or allows his military to support, the coup on Honduras? I want to present 5 09-52425 this question for thought. Is there one Obama, or are there two? Let us hope the one we heard yesterday will prevail. That is what the world needs; that is what the world is calling for. What is the backdrop of the coup in Honduras? It has to do with everything we are talking about here — it is the revolution of the South. It is not the kind of revolution where there are columns of guerrillas, heroes such as in the Sierra Maestra, heroes of the high mountains of Bolivia, where Ernesto Che Guevara was. But this is not that kind of revolution. This revolution is different. It does not break out in the mountains with guerrilla groups. No, it starts in the towns among the masses. It is a mass revolution, but it is peaceful and wants to remain peaceful. It is democratic, deeply democratic. Do not be afraid of democracy. Here, I am paraphrasing Noam Chomsky in another wonderful work that I did not know until I obtained the book in Madrid a few days ago. I went to visit my friend, the King of Spain, mainly because an Ibero-American summit was coming up in Portugal, and I said that I would go if he did not tell me to shut up. He told me that he would not. So, I am going. King Juan Carlos and I are great friends. I went to a recommended bookshop — La Casa del Libro — in Madrid, and I got Chomsky’s book Fear of Democracy. We should all read that book, Fear of Democracy. The elite are afraid of the people. They are afraid of true democracy, which Abraham Lincoln, another martyr, defined very clearly in three ideas: democracy is government of the people, by the people and for the people. It is not government of the bourgeoisie or of the elite when the people rise up and the thugs are pushed out. That happened in Honduras, and in Venezuela in 2002. It happened in Brazil with João Goulart, and in the Dominican Republic. Why were the peoples of Latin America and of the Caribbean not allowed to build their own future in the twentieth century? They did not let them. This century is ours. This century, in Latin America and in the Caribbean we will build our own way and no one can stop it. No one can stop it. Imperialism must end. At times, one wonders. I was once asking Lula what America, our Latin America, would be today if the Governments of the United States had not dug their claws into our America to impose a model by violently cutting off the hope and the struggle of millions of people, extinguishing the dawn. I was born in 1954. Fidel was already in prison, and they were dropping bombs in Guatemala. They invaded the Guatemala of Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán; and then the Bay of Pigs, although they failed there; then this revolutionary Cuba — admirable, but blockaded. I call on Obama to lift the blockade on Cuba. What is he waiting for? Let him do what he says. Or are there two Obamas? Yesterday, Obama said, and I noted it — here, I noted down Lula, who spoke before Obama, and then I noted Obama’s words — that a political system cannot be imposed on any people and that each people and its sovereignty must be respected. Then what is President Obama waiting for to order the lifting of the brutal and murderous blockade on Cuba? Does anyone have doubts about that? Does anyone think that it is rhetorical? No. There is persecution against businesses in any part of the world that provide even food to Cuba, and now also to Venezuela. Not long ago, Fidel Castro mentioned in one of his reflections that a company known throughout the world that manufactures and supplies medical equipment did not meet its obligations to the Governments of Cuba or of Venezuela this past year or the one before. They did not send the spare parts for hundreds of pieces of medical equipment that the two Governments had bought to bring free quality health care to our peoples. These include 64-row CT scanners and electrocardiogram machines that are now in the poor areas of Caracas. Where the indigenous people live, there are medical facilities. We have 30,000 Cuban doctors there and a free, good health-care system for the people. We tried to quietly find solutions with the company — Philips — but the company has refused to send the spare parts for that high-tech equipment. Why? Under pressure from whom? From the Government of the United States? Is it this Obama or another Obama? Is it Obama one or Obama two? Who are you, Obama? Who are you? I want to believe in yesterday’s Obama, whom I saw here, but these things keep happening, and they affect the lives of millions of human beings. Why? In whose name? Why does the United States continue to do that? It is fear of democracy, just as happened in Honduras. It is the fear of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas that rises up as a new and innovative mechanism of solidarity, and we have brought into line 09-52425 6 the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of our Americas and the Governments and the countries of Cuba, Nicaragua, Honduras, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. They attack us and try to stop us, but they will not succeed. The Common Market of the South and the Union of South American Nations are being set up and are all part of the great historic Latin American geographic and geopolitical revolution. Along the same lines are the seven military bases that the United States is going to establish in Colombia. Yesterday, Obama spoke — I have it noted here — about four pillars. Everyone remembers that. So let us accomplish that. I take him at his word. We take the President of the United States at his word: nuclear non-proliferation, agreed? They could begin by destroying all the nuclear weapons that they have. Then go ahead and destroy them. Obama’s second pillar — the first was non-proliferation — is the pursuit of peace. So, President Obama, let us pursue peace in Colombia, in dear sister Colombia. There is a civil war in Colombia. That some do not want to acknowledge it is another matter. There is a long-standing, historical conflict in Colombia. The United Nations must acknowledge it and consider it, and we all should extend a hand to Colombia, while of course respecting its sovereignty, to pull it from and help it out of that tragedy that that brother people is experiencing. I remember that I mentioned that peace to Obama in front of Lula in Trinidad and Tobago at the Summit of the Americas. Let us seek peace in Colombia. If only peace were achieved in Central America, in Guatemala. When I was an active soldier, I was in Guatemala. That was war. It was war, with thousands and thousands dead and disappeared. Look at El Salvador and Nicaragua. And now Daniel Ortega is back in Government after almost 20 years. The Sandinista people brought him back. What is good for the goose is good for the gander. Farabundo Martí and the people of El Salvador brought President Funés to the presidency of that sister republic. Peace was achieved — I know President Arias is here — and if peace was achieved in Central America, my God, why can peace not be achieved in Colombia? This is one of the greatest desires of my life. I am Venezuelan, but I feel like a Colombian — the Colombia of Bolivar, the Colombia of Miranda, our Colombia. Is President Obama thinking of seeking peace — his second pillar — with seven more military bases in Colombia? These seven bases are a threat, not only for the possible peace in Colombia but for peace in South America. We are right — we the Governments of South America — to have said, each in our own way and in our own degree of intensity, how concerned we are about the installation of these seven American military bases on Colombian territory. I would like to denounce it and point it out. I ask President Obama to think about it and that he apply his pillars. Let us promote peace. The United Nations could set up a peace commission in Colombia or Venezuela. Naturally, we would cooperate, I am sure, all countries that want peace. We do not want any more war among ourselves. I will skip some pages. There is another topic that Fidel touches upon in his 21 September thoughts. It has to do with climate change. I am going to take another two minutes, Mr. President, to insist on this point. Some people think this is a metaphysical concern, it is for intellectuals. No, we are destroying our planet. As a reputable Venezuelan journalist has said, this rocket we are travelling on — because this planet is like a rocket ship — we are destroying it. Fidel says, in his piece entitled “A species in danger of extinction”, from 21 September 2009, “At the international environmental conference held by the United Nations in Rio de Janeiro” — that was in 1992; I remember because I was in jail at the time — “I stated, as the then head of the Cuban State, ‘A species is in danger of extinction — man’”. Fidel goes on to say: “When I uttered and backed up those words, received and applauded by the heads of State in attendance — including the President of the United States, a Bush less dismal than his son George W. — they still believed that they had several centuries to confront the problem. I myself” — Fidel — “did not envision a date any closer than 60 or 80 years. “Today we are dealing with a truly imminent danger and its effects are already visible. 7 09-52425 “Average temperatures have increased 0.8 degrees centigrade since 1980.” That is scientific data, according to the NASA Institute for Space Studies — 0.8 degrees in the last almost 30 years. Fidel continues, “The last two decades of the twentieth century were the warmest in hundreds of years. The temperatures in Alaska, the Canadian west and eastern Russia have gone up at a pace that doubles the world average. Arctic ice has been quickly disappearing and the region can experience its first completely ice-free summer as soon as the year 2040. The effects are visible in the 2-kilometre-high masses of ice melting in Greenland, the South American glaciers, from Ecuador all the way to Cape Horn, fundamental sources of water, and the gigantic ice cap covering the extensive area of Antarctica. “Current carbon dioxide concentrations have reached the equivalent of 380 parts per million, a figure surpassing the natural range of the last 650,000 years.” We are destroying our planet. We must be aware of this, and we must act, as Lula stated at the 3rd meeting yesterday. With respect to climate change, Lula said there is no will. The most developed countries do not want to take decisions. But Obama says they do. But we are told that the United States is going to take some decisions. Please do, Mr. President, do that. But now is time to move from words to action. Let us save this planet. Let us save the human race. Let us hope that the summit in Denmark in December will produce decisions, truly forceful ones. Venezuela is willing to accept those decisions. Venezuela calls on everyone to take decisions proportionate to the extent of their responsibility. Now, what is the basic cause of this contamination? It is hyper-consumption. We are exhausting the petroleum, gas and other fossil fuel reserves. Reserves that accumulated over millions of years are being burned in a single century, in less than a century. And that of course has to do with the economy. I shall not read this document, Mr. President; I shall merely refer to it. It is the Stiglitz report. I invite the Assembly to analyse it. Yesterday the President of France also invited the Assembly to analyse it. It is thanks to him that the report of the Stiglitz Commission exists. But it is nothing more than a mere gesture. The report contains 12 recommendations of the Stiglitz Commission. Let us assess them. I think that they address the substance, although they do not question the capitalist model. We socialists do question that model, but let us talk about it, let us find consensus solutions for the circumstances and later for the medium and long terms. In its recommendations, the Stiglitz report says, first, that we should look at income and consumption to assess material well-being. Second, it recommends prioritizing the family perspective; third, taking into account the heritage; fourth, giving more importance to redistribution of income beyond the average. Fifth, it recommends expanding indicators of non-commercial activities. For example, certain services such as child care, bricklaying, plumbing and carpentry appear in national accounts only if they are carried out by a salaried person. Delegates know that this has to do with accounting for gross domestic product (GDP). These are merely capitalist mechanisms. According to the report, the following is certain: the GDP rises with traffic, while the anxiety of the people also rises, just as the unhappiness of passers-by and passengers in traffic rises as they lost precious time in the traffic. The GDP rises. Why is it rising? It is rising because more gasoline is consumed. Moreover, pollution increases. We know why. The capitalist world has created measuring methods for the economy that are destructive. That is why I think the Stiglitz report offers important considerations. Here, in its second point, it says that we should establish a battery of indicators for the environment and for climate change. Turning to the economy, this report is very timely. Let us now adopt it, and above all, Governments, particularly Governments of the most developed countries — I think they are meeting in Pittsburgh today, not as the Pittsburgh Pirates, but as Presidents of the Group of 20 — should discuss it. Tomorrow I will ask Lula and Cristina how the meeting went, because they are coming to Caracas on their way to Margarita Island for the Africa-South American summit. 09-52425 8 The economy, the economy, the economy. We are in favour of socialism, but let us discuss it and talk about indicators and methods and modes of production. As President Obama said yesterday with regards to his fourth pillar, we need an economy that serves human beings. Well, President Obama, that is called socialism. Come over to the side of socialism, President Obama, come join the axis of evil and we will build an economy that truly serves human beings. It is impossible to do that with capitalism. Capitalism only benefits a minority and excludes the majority. Besides, it destroys the environment and destroys lives. That is capitalism. Finally — and I think I have now been speaking for my allotted 10 minutes — I will end with a phrase of Lula’s. He was the first speaker in the Assembly yesterday. He said there is no political will. I have already commented on that, and I would add to it because I know Lula and I know exactly what he said to us. He is calling upon all of us to strengthen political will. Unlike other Governments elsewhere, which have doubts and do not want to change despite the terrible crisis in which we are living, we in southern America have a lot of political will — here I am speaking for Venezuela and, I know, also for South America, for Latin America — a tremendous political will for true change. I recommend this book by István Mészáros, a great Hungarian philosopher and thinker who has been a professor at various universities in London for many years: Beyond Capital: Toward a Theory of Transition. I think the book is among the greatest writings of the twentieth century. It is a complete renewal of socialist theory. In one of the interesting chapters Mészáros quotes another great person, Karl Marx. We must not be afraid of Karl Marx — he was the Einstein of politics. Yes, he was demonized, but Karl Marx was right about so many things. Quoting Marx, Mészáros says in this book that crises act as a general threat and thus urgently lead us beyond presuppositions towards a new historic paradigm. We need a new historic paradigm. For years we have been hearing about a new world, but what actually exists is this old, moribund order. We need the new order to be born, the new historic paradigm, the new political paradigm, a new global paradigm. Yesterday Al-Qadhafi said here that we need a new institutionalism, a new economy, a new society, but truly new — a world that is new. Now, I think Lula said yesterday — he finished speaking at 10:10 in the morning — that we must become the midwives of history. I agree. I would add to what Lula said. Has the birth already started? The birth is not a future event; it is here. Let us be, as Comrade Lula said, midwives of the new history, prevailing over those who would bury it. Let us struggle on the planet for the birth of this new history, this new time, this new multi-polar, free world, this economy at the service of all people, not of minorities, this world of peace. I am a Christian. One day Christ said, “My kingdom is not of this world.” It is of a future world, the reign of love among us, where we can truly live as brothers and sisters. Last Sunday in Havana — and I will put my little books away and I will wind up now — on the Plaza de la Revolución there was a great concert, the “Concert for Peace”, with Miguel Bosé, Juanes, Olga Tañó and Cuban singers. Silvio Rodríguez was there — the Great Silvio — and they sang to the whole world. Some people in Miami went crazy and tried to destroy Juanes’ CDs — that great Colombian — just because he had gone to sing on the Plaza of the Revolution. How crazy can you get? Fortunately they are a minority. Silvio was there with his guitar, and I am sure he sang, “This era is giving birth to a heart”. He ends his song, Cita Con Angeles, like this: “Let us be a tiny bit better and a little less selfish.” Cheers!