On behalf of the delegation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, I would like to congratulate Mr. Ali Abdussalam Treki on his election as President of the General Assembly at its sixty-fourth session. At the same time, I wish to express my hope that his skilful stewardship will lead the current session to success. The sixty-fourth session of the General Assembly will mark an end to the first decade of a new century, which humankind has ushered in with a great deal of anticipation and aspiration. One of the major tasks facing the Assembly this year is to conduct an impartial review of this first decade and set the correct path ahead. Humankind has yet to realize its long-cherished desire to thrive in a peaceful and equitable world free from war, while its hopes are confronted with a host of serious challenges one after the other. The Afghan war is in escalation and the Iraq war is still undecided. The cold wind of a nuclear arms race is blowing, even before negotiations on nuclear disarmament have been opened. Avian influenza is not completely subdued, yet a new strain of H1N1 flu is sweeping the world. The world is undergoing a much greater degree of global warming this year than last, and we are witnessing more stagnant economies and many more people out of work everywhere. The United Nations Security Council has become more arrogant, resulting in further inequality and double standards in international relations. We need to direct serious attention to this prevailing reality when we review the first decade of the new century. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, under the leadership of the great General Kim Jong Il, has now entered a phase of State-building. A great, prosperous and powerful nation is a country in which national power is strong and everything thrives and whose people live happily, with nothing to envy in the world. To build such a country was the lifelong wish of the great leader of our people President Kim Il Sung, and it is the firm intention and wish of the Government and people of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea that such a thriving nation will be a reality by 2012, the centenary of Kim Il Sung’s birth. The main task facing us over the next three years is to concentrate all our efforts on building an economic power, which is the last height we need to scale in building a great, prosperous and powerful nation. The Korean peninsula remains as ever in a state of armistice. But now that we possess a dependable 49 09-52604 nuclear deterrent, we may be able to prevent war and defend peace. For more than half a century our country was compelled to produce guns rather than butter, as we suffered under nuclear threats and the danger of war posed by hostile forces. But today we have settled down to channel our efforts into building a great, prosperous and powerful nation. To all intents and purposes, this is completely the result of the Songun- based politics instituted by the great General Kim Jong Il. And, when our country becomes an economic power, that will create new impetus to the economic development of the region. Our efforts to build up the economy will constitute a significant part of the international community’s efforts to attain the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. We have never opposed the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula and the rest of the world. Denuclearization was the wish of President Kim Il Sung, and a nuclear-free world is a long-cherished desire of mankind. The Korean people are more devoted to the sovereignty and peace of their country than any other people or nation in the world, as a result of the characteristics of their country’s historical development. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has done its utmost to bring about the peaceful reunification of the country, to eliminate nuclear threats and grounds for war and to secure peace and stability on the Korean peninsula. We initiated the denuclearization of North-East Asia and of the Korean peninsula and put forward the proposals for the Armistice Agreement to be replaced by a peace agreement and for the adoption of a non-aggression pact between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the United States. However, our efforts have not received an appropriate response from the United States. The United States considers the Korean issue only in the light of its Asia strategy and does not want to see the entire Korean peninsula denuclearized. That has resulted in a greater nuclear threat facing the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The arbitrariness of the United States can be seen in the claim that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is not allowed to launch even a peaceful satellite. The Security Council is being manipulated by that arbitrariness. We have concluded that, as long as the United States does not change its existing nuclear policy, we have no option but to rely on our nuclear capability in order to ensure the nuclear balance in the region and preserve peace and stability in North-East Asia. The denuclearization of the Korean peninsula depends on whether or not the United States changes its nuclear policy towards Korea. In order to realize the denuclearization of the Korean peninsula, the United States Administration must discard its long-standing policy of confrontation and put into practice the change that it has recently talked about on several occasions. We are not engaged in a nuclear arms race. The purpose of our nuclear weapon is to deter war. We will only possess a nuclear deterrent so as to avert a military attack or the threat of such an attack against our country. Deterrence will be directly proportional to the threat on the Korean peninsula, as in Europe and elsewhere. As long as it possesses nuclear weapons, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea will act responsibly with regard to their management, use and non-proliferation, and to nuclear disarmament. We share the position of all peaceful countries, including the non-aligned countries, in opposing nuclear war, the nuclear arms race and the proliferation of nuclear weapons. United Nations sanctions have now been imposed on us on the grounds that we had a nuclear deterrent. It may be recalled that the United Nations was set up in the country that produced the first nuclear weapon and that all five permanent members of the Security Council are nuclear Powers. If those countries had demonstrated their commitment to nuclear disarmament a long time ago and had refrained from arbitrarily and selectively opposing the peaceful satellite launch of another country, the nuclear situation in the world might have developed differently. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea attaches importance to the principle of sovereign equality enshrined in the United Nations Charter. The principle of sovereign equality is also the reason why we became a Member of the United Nations. Unjust and selective sanctions will never be recognized or accepted. The position of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is to respond to dialogue with dialogue and to sanctions by strengthening nuclear deterrence. If the United States brings sanctions to the talks, we will, for our part, 09-52604 50 participate in such talks by bolstering our nuclear deterrence. Thanks to the far-sighted bold decision of the great General Kim Jong Il, North-South relations on the Korean peninsula have entered a new phase. Just over a year ago, the North and the South had to adapt to changes owing to the differences in the positions of the two parties towards the historic joint declaration of 15 June and the declaration of 4 October, which were recognized and supported by the General Assembly. However, our sincere and noble efforts paved the way for a turning point so as to reach a common understanding of those grand programmes for reunification. Inter-Korean economic cooperation, including the operation of the Kaesong industrial complex, is back on track and separated families can be reunited. In the future, the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea will also continue to make all possible efforts to achieve national reconciliation and unity and to bring forward the independent and peaceful reunification of the country under the banner of “by our nation itself”. All Member States have accepted the need for United Nations reform, as the new century requires. Currently, the Security Council is the most anachronistic organ of the United Nations. An imbalance in relations, by which the strong nations have ruled the weaker ones for the past half century, remains part of the structure of the Security Council, and it is precisely in the rules of procedure of that Council that democracy is least developed. Today, the General Assembly is the only place in the United Nations where the views of the international community can be properly reflected and democracy ensured. In order to strengthen the role of the United Nations in line with the requirement of the times and the new situation, it is important to thoroughly democratize the Security Council and to substantially increase the authority of the General Assembly. In restructuring the Security Council, we should first consider the issues that can be resolved, such as the expansion of non-permanent members of the Security Council on the principle of ensuring the full representation of non-aligned and other developing countries, which make up the majority of the United Nations Member States. In enhancing the authority of the General Assembly, we need to discuss the issue of submitting decisions of the Security Council to the General Assembly for approval, in particular all decisions relating to the principle of sovereign equality laid down in the United Nations Charter. The United Nations is required to have the proper criteria and principles in order to examine human rights issues. The United Nations Charter recognizes the rights of national self-determination and choice and the principle of non-interference in internal affairs, and all international human rights instruments contain the basic principle of the non-politicization of human rights. However, these days some debates in the United Nations contradict that. Any attempt to bring into question the systems of specific countries and to interfere in their internal affairs under the guise of the protection of human rights is, in itself, a violation of human rights, denying the right of the people of those countries to choose their own system. The United Nations should pay attention to the fact that its human rights agenda covers only the situations found in small countries, with no mention of large ones, the West and European countries. Due attention should also be given to how to boost the role of the non-aligned and other developing countries in the international arena. International efforts to attain the Millennium Development Goals and to address the central issues of the United Nations, such as the global economic crisis and climate change, urgently call for the active participation of a wide range of developing countries, including the Non-Aligned Movement. The foreign policy of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea has been, is and will be based on the principles of independence, peace and friendship. The Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea will actively strive to further strengthen and develop friendly and cooperative relations with all United Nations Member States under those principles, and to fully discharge its commitment towards defending the peace and security of the Korean peninsula and the rest of the world.