It is my great pleasure, Sir, to convey to you the heartfelt congratulations of the delegation of Mali upon your election to the presidency of the sixty-third session of the General Assembly, and to assure you of our full support. I should like also to hail Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for his devotion and commitment to our Organization. The sixty-third session of the General Assembly is opening with the timely theme of the impact of the global food crisis on poverty and hunger throughout the world. Indeed, it takes place in a difficult international context, one marked by the conjunction of food and energy crises. This situation is of concern to my delegation, as it is a potential source of generalized social and political instability. What can we do? In Mali, we have granted the highest priority to the fight against poverty and the high cost of living. In this respect, the Government has undertaken a series of measures to stem the effects of the present crisis through, inter alia, a temporary suspension of import duties and taxes on basic foodstuffs, such as rice, wheat flour, oil and milk, as A/63/PV.13 11 08-53122 well as subsidizing gas, hydrocarbons and agricultural inputs. My country, Mali, is firmly determined to achieve food self-sufficiency and to become, in the medium term, an agricultural Power. To that end, we have made agriculture the principal tool to attain accelerated growth. Accordingly, an agricultural framework law has been adopted, and its progressive implementation has included the following measures. First and foremost, the new law contains a measure to launch the rice initiative, which was designed as a proactive and structural response to the dizzying increase in price of grain products on global markets. Next, the law includes the setting up of a national agricultural development fund and a fund for emergencies and disasters. It also involves the setting up of land commissions and a programme to develop low-lying lands within the framework of local irrigation works. Finally, it involves the setting up of a high council for agriculture. In addition, we will soon adopt guidelines for the marketing of grain products, including rice, and a mechanism for supplying agricultural inputs. Along these same lines, the Government of Mali has prepared and implemented a national strategy to fight poverty, a strategic framework for fighting poverty and a strategic framework for growth and poverty reduction for the period 2007-2011. In addition, our Social and Economic Development Project has been conceived by the President of the Republic, Mr. Amadou Toumani Touré. It should enable Mali to increase its production and fairly share the fruits of growth, invest in the future and build a State of good governance and the rule of law. The fight against corruption is another aspect of this overall project. The national convention that will be organized to address this issue in October 2008 should enable the Malian nation to seek through broad consultation a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon in order to define a plan of action against the scourge. Seeking to promote transparent and effective management of its public finances, Mali, which has joined the African Union’s African Peer Review Mechanism, has submitted its governance to that evaluation process. This exercise, which will be concluded in January 2009, will take stock of the situation, including in the field of political governance, business governance and governance of socio- economic development. It will result in recommendations for improvements in those areas. In the same vein, the human rights situation in Mali has been considered within the framework of the new universal periodic review mechanism set up within the context of the Human Rights Council. From this rostrum, laden as it is with symbolism, I would like to reiterate the commitment of the Government of Mali to take concrete action on the relevant recommendations that we are committed to following at the outcome of this process. Mali remains convinced that the prevention and peaceful settlement of conflicts is the best possible guarantee of international peace and security. Backed by that belief, my country firmly made the choice of dialogue aimed at finding a lasting solution to the situation of insecurity that has prevailed in the north- east of our country. In this respect, the Algiers peace agreement of 4 July 2006 remains relevant, as it preserves our territorial integrity and our national unity, by enabling the various strands of the Malian nation to fully participate in the national construction endeavour. Aware that security in the Sahelo-Saharan region is closely linked to that of States and peoples sharing the space and that conflicts affecting one country can rapidly spread throughout the region, the Government of Mali, in October 2008, will organize in Bamako a conference on peace, security and development in the Sahelo-Saharan region. The conference will provide a useful opportunity for the States of the region to jointly reaffirm our commitment to turn our shared space into a zone of peace and security, a centre of stability, growth and development. It will also provide us with responses adapted to the problems and challenges we face: insecurity, transborder banditry, terrorism and trafficking of all types, including trafficking in drugs, arms and human beings. Here, Mali considers that it is the duty of the international community to take vigorous action to maintain and build international peace and security. In this respect, we welcome and encourage progress A/63/PV.13 08-53122 12 achieved in the resolution of conflicts and crises that rack the African continent, including those in Côte d’Ivoire, the Sudan, Somalia and the Great Lakes region. Mali calls for the resumption of the negotiating process in the Middle East and reaffirms its unswerving support for the creation of a sovereign and independent Palestinian State. There are many other serious challenges facing the international community to which we will have to respond appropriately to build a better world together. First and foremost, there is the problem of climate change. Today more than ever before, the very survival of our planet is threatened by climate change, which has a serious impact on living conditions in developing countries such as mine through, inter alia, desertification, the silting up of rivers, the deterioration of the environment, a reduction of the length of the winter periods, floods and poor rainfall patterns. We should, therefore, urgently undertake measures which are commensurate with the pressing nature of the problem. In this respect, the conclusions of the high- level event on climate change in 2007 and those of the Bali Climate Change Conference in the same year are still relevant and are worthy of being implemented in a diligent way. Mali, which is a party to the Kyoto Protocol, is eager to make a useful contribution to the fifteenth United Nations Climate Change Conference, to be held in Copenhagen in December 2009. The second major challenge to which we must devote particular attention is the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which poses one of the most serious threats to sustainable development. We must redouble our efforts and our resolve to implement the 2001 Declaration of Commitment, as well as the outcomes of the high-level meetings on AIDS and the seventeenth International AIDS Conference, held in Mexico last August. All of these forums have highlighted the severity of the situation and stressed the urgent need to act and to mobilize resources to fight the pandemic. The third significant challenge for the international community is the situation of landlocked developing countries, which, as a result of their isolation and their great distance from the world’s main markets, are confronted with serious handicaps. I congratulate the Secretary-General for having taken the initiative to convene, following the general debate, a high-level plenary meeting devoted to the midterm review of the Almaty Programme of Action. Mali will actively participate in that meeting and will work to ensure that leads to operational conclusions that can contribute to the comprehensive, rapid, and effective implementation of the Almaty Programme of Action. The fourth challenge is institutional reform of the United Nations. This issue remains important as the continuation of the establishment of the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council and of the strengthening the Economic and Social Council. Thus, the expansion of the Security Council is clearly a pressing necessity, particularly to redress the historic injustice committed against Africa, namely, that it does not have a permanent seat. That is something which is underscored in the joint African position on the issue. All these challenges which we currently face require a collective global response. Only a reformed and democratized United Nations may serve as a genuine crucible for universal collective conscience capable of best discharging its primary mission, namely, to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war and destruction. Mali will do its full part in this fight.