It gives me great pleasure to congratulate the President on his election to lead the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session. I wish to assure him of the full cooperation of my delegation in successfully discharging his high responsibilities. I would also like to express our appreciation to his predecessor for his excellent stewardship of the Assembly’s previous session. And allow me to take this opportunity to once again congratulate Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on his reappointment to a second term, and to express our admiration for work well done during his first term. It is with a great sense of brotherhood that I warmly welcome the Republic of South Sudan to the family of our global Organization and offer our sincere congratulations and best wishes to the newest Member State. We also welcome the Libyan delegation, which we recognized some time ago. We are not oblivious to the Herculean challenge that they face. The globalizing world has always presented challenges to Africa and the developing world. However, the negative developments over the past few years, which appear to be far from being mitigated, have made it even more difficult for countries such as ours to move ahead on the path to development as fast as we would have liked and our potential and commitment would have allowed. There is a need for a redoubled effort so that the achievements of the Millennium Development Goals are not frustrated. That was also the hope of the fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries. For our part, we feel that we have been on track for almost all the targets, and our commitment is to be even more ambitious, in line with our five-year Growth and Transformation Plan. Nevertheless, the global economic situation is a source of concern. 37 11-51384 Within that global context, the Horn of Africa has been hit by the worst adverse climatic conditions in 60 years, causing a very tragic drought situation. At this critical juncture, the international community should be galvanized, particularly in helping to alleviate the crisis in Somalia. The call made on Saturday at the mini-summit on that issue needs to be reiterated and amplified. We should do more for the people of Somalia and those others in the region who have been affected by the calamity. Even more crucial in the Horn of Africa is sustainable development. Our youth need to have their hopes for the future not frustrated, and the condition of our women and children requires much greater attention. On top of denying people their human rights, poverty is not a solid foundation on which peace and security can be built. That need compels us to draw attention to a number of challenges that we, in the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) region, face, particularly with respect to climate change. The adverse consequences of climate change are becoming evident in various ways. The challenges are global, requiring global solutions, on the basis of common but differentiated responsibility. We do not believe that enough is being done commensurate with the gravity of the threat to humanity in general. Moreover, the whole issue embodies injustice because Africa and the developing world happen to be the worst affected, while contributing the least to climate change. As members of IGAD, we have for some time tried to bring our collective effort to bear on the various challenges the Horn of Africa faces. Realizing the fact that one of the major factors hindering development in our region is related to security and the lack of durable stability, apart from doing our best to lay the basis for the integration of our subregion through various infrastructure-related projects, we have continued to strengthen our common endeavour for peace and security in the IGAD region. The positive outcomes are there to be seen. No regional group has been as closely identified with peacemaking in the Sudan as IGAD. In Somalia, in close collaboration with the East African Community, the African Union and the United Nations, IGAD has been the lynchpin in the effort to assist the people of Somalia in achieving peace, stability and national reconciliation. Now, with the extremists and Al-Shabaab having been driven out of Mogadishu and the tide turning against them, there is new hope in Somalia, which should be sustained. The Kampala Accord laid the basis for a breakthrough in Somalia, for which we owe gratitude to President Yoweri Museveni and Ambassador Mahiga, Special Representative of the Secretary-General. Let me take this opportunity to pay tribute to Uganda and Burundi for the sacrifices that they have made, and continue to make, as the two countries that spearheaded the efforts of the African Union Mission and the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia to keep those such as Al-Shabaab and their supporters at bay. It must be underlined that it is a fight that has humanitarian and development implications, not only security or political. That is why the successful cooperation of the IGAD countries for stability and security in the Horn of Africa, and in the fight against terrorism and extremism, has been so vital. It requires the wholehearted support of the international community, the General Assembly and, most particularly, the Security Council. I need not go into the details of what the IGAD countries have requested of the Security Council in terms of support for them to succeed in the effort that they are making for peace in Somalia and to contain those who not only encourage, but also take part in carrying out terrorism. It is particularly vital for the Council to act on the conclusions and recommendations of a body established by the Council itself. Sweet talk, devoid of any behavioural change in practice and on the ground, should not lead the Security Council to wish away concrete evidence presented to it by a committee of its own creation. Let us admit that there are double standards in the fight against terrorism. Our counter-terrorism effort cannot succeed if we are selective in that struggle. The Prime Minister of India could not have been more correct when he said from this rostrum last Saturday: “There cannot be selective approaches in dealing with terrorist groups or the infrastructure of terrorism. Terrorism has to be fought across all fronts.” () We in Ethiopia have never had a short-sighted perspective on what we need to do to ensure that our national interest and our national security are protected. In this day and age, it is only through collective effort that we can ensure peace, security and stability. Some might imagine that they would benefit 11-51384 38 by encouraging discord in their neighbourhood. The Horn of Africa has suffered because of policies emanating from that kind of mindset for too long. That should be combated. We seek the support of all fair- minded people in that endeavour. For our part, we have been guided by the objective of protecting and defending the collective security interest of the people of our region. That has guided our policy in the Sudan and in the effort that we have been making to nurture mutual confidence between us and both the Republic of Sudan and the new nation of South Sudan. We have also followed that signpost in conducting our policy with respect to Somalia. Ethiopia is not a newcomer to international diplomacy. As a founding member of the United Nations, we take our responsibility as members of the human family seriously. We view our vocation to be a factor for strengthening international peace and security and for enhancing friendly relations among nations, large or small, on the basis of full equality. That is why, as we continue to call for the reform of the Security Council, we also remain committed to the revitalization of the General Assembly, the true representative of the people of the world in the true spirit of the United Nations Charter, whose very first phrase is: “We the peoples of the United Nations”. In that same spirit, Ethiopia wants to express its position on the historic turning point that the people of Palestine and the people of Israel are passing through and the challenges that they are facing. We are convinced that no great wisdom is required to realize that, at the end of the day, it is only through peaceful negotiation and mutual accommodation that the two parties can reach the final destination. In that regard, it is not enough that the right of the Palestinians to a viable State of their own be acknowledged and be paid lip service. It is also necessary that real, tangible and practical steps be taken, and in good time, towards the realization of that objective. That has not been done. No doubt, that is partly the explanation for where we are today and at this moment. On the other hand, while it is self- defeating, and also unjust, to use it as a pretext for delaying the realization of the dreams of the people of Palestine, nonetheless, it is neither proper nor realistic to underestimate and belittle the security concerns of Israel. When the time comes for us to pronounce ourselves on this signature issue of the sixty-sixth session of the Assembly, the position we take will be based on our objective assessment of all dimensions of the issue in good faith and in line with what we believe is dictated by the cause of justice and sustainable peace. We are passing through a period not only of uncertainty, but also of great historic and momentous change. The world that emerged from the Second World War is almost no more. Periods such as this need to be handled delicately. That is why it is so critical that more attention be paid to the need for preventing conflicts and for mediation. We are pleased that the President Al-Nasser has made this one of his top priorities. We want to assure him that he can expect the full cooperation of the IGAD countries. Let me conclude by asking for the support of all Member States for the draft resolution that the IGAD countries will be submitting requesting observer status for IGAD at the United Nations.