I quote from the Holy Koran: "We verily sent our messengers with clear proofs and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance that mankind may observe equality and justice." I wish to extend by congratulations to yon, Sir, on your election as President of the thirty-seventh session of the General Assembly. Your abilities and merit, as well as your experience in various international fields will no doubt contribute greatly to the solution of important difficulties and problems with which the General Assembly is faced at the present session. I wish success to you and to representatives attending this session-although there exist many signs that can create doubts about the success of this session of the Assembly, because in our tormented world-in which at any moment the disappointing news of the aggressive, expansionist spirit, the violation of rights, oppression and tyranny may be heard from everywhere-there remains little room for hope for this session's success. The outlook for the days ahead and for the international situation is bleak. World tensions are increasing and the arms race, despite the repetition of slogans, is mounting rapidly. Basic and fundamental principles of the Charter are openly being trampled, having been disregarded by certain aggressive and expansionist countries. Poverty and starvation prevail in the oppressed third world countries while the deepening gap between rich and poor countries is widening and the oppressive and unjust relations between the countries providing raw materials and the industrial world are each day worsening. Six hundred million people in the world are suffering from hunger and famine, and each year millions of people die of various diseases. In such conditions, the arms race, which is extended to the other countries of the world by the super-Powers, has destructive effects on the developing and backward countries, which are the main victims of the prevalence of terror in the world; it thus brings those countries to the brink of disaster and annihilation, and leads to the rapid depletion of their natural and human resources. Consequently, such countries, instead of remedying the deprivation of their enslaved masses and providing for their physical and mental welfare, have put all their wealth and resources at the disposal of the avarice and ambitions of the super-Powers. What is more important is that, apart from material and economic poverty, our world today is suffering from cultural poverty, which is far more regrettable than the other difficulties and problems. Lofty human values have been deformed by the greed and avarice of the world-devourers and have fallen victim to false and hollow materialistic criteria. How regrettable it is when we, from our historical experience, come to see that values like freedom, social justice and democracy are being misused, that crimes are being committed in the name of liberty and human rights, that concepts like social liberty and justice have become means of suppression, oppression and tyranny, and that nothing is said about spirituality and religion., which can and should provide a sole basis of social relations and pave the way for the growth of human society. In fact, apart from all racial, national, linguistic and geographical differences, human beings share a common nature which, if developed, can lead to the attainment of true unity among all the people of the world. Four years ago a revolution took place in Iran which, if I wished to define it in one sentence, I should describe as a development experienced as a result of which the people of Iran were brought back to their God-seeking nature and their own inner selves. Our Revolution is cultural in its nature and qualities and now Islamic culture, which is the same as the revolutionary culture, prevails everywhere in all its dimensions. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, as a movement which has created fundamental changes in our society, laid new foundations in contemporary Iran, the dimensions of the foreign policy of which are resistance to oppression and tyranny, support forthe oppressed nations and the tyrannized masses in the developing countries, non-reliance on foreign Powers, rejection of all forms of domination and being dominated, respect for other countries' sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries, on a basis of reciprocity. One of the most important slogans of our Islamic Revolution, "Neither East nor West", which is in fact the application on the international scene of the sacred and fundamental words "There is no God but Allah", guides our foreign policy and draws its main lines of action. By depending on that slogan we not only rated ourselves from the domination of world- devouring America but also kept ourselves, despite all the difficulties and hardships created for us, from falling into the lap of the other super-Power. We therefore value highly our sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity and allow no country to interfere in our internal affairs. Our revolution considers man's prosperity in the whole of human society and the establishment of peace and justice, the supreme objective in relations among nations, to be its ideal, and independence, liberty and justice to be every man's right. It also believes that the breaking of the bonds of the international exploiter's domination is attainable only through the firm determination of the deprived masses and their unity. The struggle against world imperialism and Zionism is a long, hard and complicated one which is not limited to political, economic and military dimensions; the cultural dimension of this struggle is equally important. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran will use all its capabilities in this struggle, relying on the lofty teachings of the school of Islam, which fosters man's development. Now, as we speak of the importance of struggling against world imperialism and Zionism, we have in mind the most recent crime against humanity of American imperialism and occupier Zionism committed in the Islamic world, while other Powers remain silent. Thousands of children and innocent, defenseless old women and men have been drenched in blood in the Palestinian refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila in west Beirut by a group of dishonorable Zionist terrorists, who attacked Moslems in the most terrible manner. This is not the first crime committed by Israel nor will it be the last. The whole world remembers that the Zionist regime since its illegitimate inception, which was the outcome of the imperialist Powers' compromise, and the open usurpation of the Palestinian lands, has never ceased to commit brutal crimes against the Moslem Palestinians being subjected to tyranny. The tragic massacre in the Deir Yassin and Kafr Qasim villages, in which the Irgun terrorist groups killed even the animals, is not yet forgotten. Today we are witnesses to the fact that a person who has committed the most cruel crimes against the people of Palestine has once again, as Prime Minister of the Zionist regime, committed one of the most terrible crimes in human history and, with the full support of American imperialism, revealed to the entire world his wicked nature. Thus the tragedy of the tyrannically treated and deprived people of Palestine and Lebanon entered a new stage, in the midst of a conspiracy of silence by the big Powers and reactionary countries-or possibly amid astonishment caused by so much atrocity and cruelty. 136. In the meantime the Zionists and the imperialists, without paying the least attention to the feelings and opinions of the peace-loving peoples of the world, have outdone each other in making impudent comments. While the Zionists are openly justifying their massacre of the tyrannically treated people of Palestine and Lebanon and the total eradication of those nations, and their American masters are expressing satisfaction over the efficiency of their modem weapons in the massacre of the innocent people of Palestine and Lebanon and the destruction of west Beirut, their reactionary mercenaries in the region, following the agreements reached at the Twelfth Arab Summit Conference, at Fez, have endorsed the existence of Israel and recognized it. The treason and the compromise of certain unpopular dependent regimes have ensured the success of imperialism and Zionism in expelling the Palestinian combatants from Beirut and scattering them throughout various countries. The massacre of the deprived people of Palestine and the Moslems of west Beirut after the expulsion of the PLO combatants proved the legitimacy of the position we have taken against the expulsion conspiracy. The bitter experience of humanity in 35 years of Zionist usurpation and domination in Palestine has shown that aggression is the innate quality of Israel, and compromise with such an element is disastrous. As we have frequently stated, we can be sure that the Israeli criminals will not content themselves with the massacre of innocent people but will consider that as only a prelude to their great plot to threaten and eliminate the Palestinian cause and establish the influence of world-devouring America over the whole region. Their objective is to convince the countries of the region that plans of the Camp David type and the support of America are the only way to settle the Middle East crisis and that those who do not accept such a solution are doomed to annihilation. We believe that the expulsion of the Palestinian combatants from Lebanon not only is not the end of the affair but will be the beginning of a new phase of the long struggle of the Arab and Moslem nations. Although the existence of hypocritical, reactionary and xenophile rulers in certain countries of the region creates difficulties for the Moslems in the attainment of their sacred objectives, and although these unpopular rulers, with their shameless compromise with America and its illegitimate child, Israel, are a disgrace to Moslems, the forces of the people will rise up and finally demand of their rulers why they remained silent in the face of the cruel massacre of the people of Lebanon and Palestine and did not fulfill their duties in this connection. If the large quantities of arms that have been bought with the riches belonging to the deprived peoples are not to be used today, when Moslems are suffering from such disasters, when should they be used? The Moslem people of such countries have the right to ask why Moslem riches should be used for the purchase of airborne warning and control systems and scores of other types of sophisticated weapons which not only are not used for the protection of Moslem interests but also lead to ever further consolidation of the domination of American imperialism. When will the countries of the Middle East region wake up and come to feel the threat that is menacing the basis of their existence, their independence and their Islamic cultural identity? The Lebanese tragedy is only one example of the destructive qualities of America which have made the political system of that country the greatest threat to human survival. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, on the basis of its anti-oppression and anti-imperialist qualities and nature and its policy of support for the oppressed nations, which are derived from the lofty teachings of the Koran, once again declares that it strongly supports, within all its possibilities, the rightful and legitimate struggle of the Moslem people of Palestine to return to occupied Palestine and expel and annihilate the usurpers of that land and destroy the basis and foundation of the Israeli regime, which is Zionist racism. Despite our two-year-long involvement in a war imposed on us, we have never failed to fulfil our Islamic and humanitarian duties as regards Palestine and the Middle East issue. Our consistent position in the face of the Zionist regime's aggression against the peoples of Lebanon and Palestine has been to support the oppressed against the oppressor and against oppression. To show our sincerity, suffice it to mention that we entered on the scene of the war against the savage attack by Israel on Lebanon and on Palestinian, Syrian andLebanese combatants and dispatched our forces to the scene of battle against Zionism, despite our serious need for them in the war which had been imposed on us. We took this measure as an Islamic and religious duty. We were the only non-front-line country that embarked on such action against the Zionist regime. We believe that the root solution to the Palestine problem and to the whole Middle East crisis can be found only by placing emphasis on the fact that the problem is an Islamic one and through an endeavor to create a unity of views among Moslem forces. For that reason, the Islamic Republic of Iran has always tried to emphasize the Islamic dimension of the problem, and the proposal made by Iran for the formation of a united Islamic front against Zionism and imperialism is in fact nothing but a way of emphasizing the Islamic nature of the Palestine issue. Just as the Palestinian revolution and the people of Lebanon have been the target of the destructive conspiracies of American imperialism and its agent, the usurper Israel, so the people of Iran, too, have had the experience of plots designed for them by the criminal America. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the interests of world imperialism were seriously endangered and threatened with annihilation, and the political equations and military calculations were totally upset in that part of the world. Therefore it was predictable that the newly established regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran would be attacked from all sides. The aggression by the Iraqi regime against our Islamic homeland, which began in September 198C, was the most important link in the chain of the imperialist conspiracies against our country, the main objective of which was to topple the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It was in fact an effort made by imperialism to protect its interests and ambitions and to prevent the spread of the Islamic revolution in that part of the world. From the very first days of the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the Iraqi regime, with a view of paving the way for the implementation of its own evil intentions and the achievement of the imperialist and Zionist objectives, embarked on a course of committing all sorts of crimes and provocations, including sabotage. The expulsion of tens of thousands of the oppressed people of Iraq to Iran; the creation of disturbances against and restrictions on Moslem clergy; attacks on Iranian schools and the imprisonment of teachers, of whose fate nothing is known; the granting of asylum to Iranian anti-revolutionaries; broadcasts of radio programmes in various languages with a view to waging a propaganda war against the Islamic Republic of Iran and, especially, provoking our Arab-speaking fellow countrymen living in the Khuzistan Province into separating that Province from the territory of the Islamic Republic of Iran; the assigning of invented Arabic names to Iranian cities; the publication of geographical maps in which parts of Iranian territory were removed and then included in other countries, such as Iraq itself; the dispatch of saboteurs; the strengthening of secessionists and the blowing up of oil pipelines-all those are only a few examples of such actions. The Iraqi regime, which derived no advantage from such crimes, committed with a view to weakening and toppling the Islamic Republic of Iran, started its vast surprise attack on the territory of Iran with the intention of attaining, in addition to that goal, its other goals-namely, the occupation of fertile border lands, and especially the productive Khuzistan Province, obtaining control over the rich oil resources of that Province and gaining sovereignty over the whole Arvand Roud. During the first weeks of the war, the Iraqi regime succeeded, owing to our special internal situation and post-revolutionary conditions, in occupying parts of Iranian territory, but the unyielding resistance of our combatants at the battlefronts very soon made Saddam's regime understand that its calculations had been all wrong. America, with its hopes of toppling the Islamic Government through Saddam's invasion dashed, has now embarked on a more dirty course: the planting of bombs in populous quarters of Tehran, as the result of which hundreds of our innocent fellow-countrymen have been wounded or martyred. The recent explosion in central Tehran, which was similar to previous crimes committed by world imperialism's agents, aroused no reaction on the part of the so-called human rights groups and organizations and once again showed the entire world that such persons and organizations that defend human rights start thinking of their humanitarian duties only when one of the perpetrators of such crimes is punished. Touching confessions made by some of the so- called People's Mujahiddin terrorists and perpetrators of recent explosions in Tehran show that within one month 33 assassinations were committed by one of them and 19 assassinations by another. But the groups and individuals that defend the rights of such persons, when horrible crimes have been committed by these terrorists, forget that the victims of these crimes are also human beings and also have rights. From this rostrum we extend an invitation to all free human beings, to all those who want to discover the truth, to pay a visit to Iran to see for themselves on the spot the enormity of the crimes committed by the agents of American imperialism and bear witness to the wrath and hatred of the masses in their millions. The Iraqi regime, in the course of this war, has not hesitated to commit the full gamut of crimes against the defenseless people, the innocent civilians, of the occupied regions; there is nothing comparable except the crimes committed by the Israeli aggressors in west Beirut. Violation of the women and children of the occupied regions; repeated bombardment of hospitals, schools and government offices; pounding with missiles of the residential areas of large and populous border cities; torture and killing of revolutionary guards, as proved by documents which undeniably exist: those are only a few examples of these innumerable crimes. AH these acts openly violate the Geneva Convention on the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, of 12 August 1949, its two Protocols of 1977 and the Charter of the United Nations. It is indeed strange that that regime, claiming that the measures taken by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran to defend itself violate the principles of the Charter and threaten international peace and security, has now, on the basis of that pretext, requested the inclusion of a new item in the agenda of this session of the General Assembly. 171 The Iraqi regime's proposal for a cease-fire and its claims to have withdrawn from Iranian territory are not motivated by that regime's goodwill or the desire to bring the war to an end. Rather, they are an attempt to save itself from the perilous situation it has created in trying to overthrow the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Iraqi claim concerning the unilateral establishment of a cease-fire and the cessation of military operations apparently means transferring Iraqi forces to the strategic zones belonging to Iran and pounding the residential areas of Iran from the air and the ground. Here mention should be made of the fact that the ending of the war depends on the fulfilment of all the conditions announced by the Islamic Republic of Iran and the total elimination of Iraqi aggression and its results. If that is not done, Iraq will be responsible for the consequences of the continuation of the war and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be obliged to continue the war until the complete realization of the rights of the Iranian people; it will never give in to the logic of on military treaties have led to unhealthy and destructive consequences in the course 8f the 37 years since the inception of the United Nations and have constantly kept the entire world on the brink of the abyss of war. During that time, we can think of hardly any period free from regional wars, threats and tension. We therefore believe that the attempts at domination by the super-Powers should be brought to an end by collective action on the part of the dominated countries. We believe that the strengthening of the non- aligned movement, with emphasis on the principles of non-alignment, will pave the way for the liberation of the tyrannized nations from the domination of the super-Powers. We also believe that this movement, as an important political force, can play a constructive role in dealing with the great problems and difficulties facing the world at this juncture. That is precisely why the super-Powers want to weaken, distort and annihilate the movement. Hence, we should struggle with all our might, on the basis of respect for the principles of the movement and inspired by its ideals, against the imperialism of the East and of the West and assist the oppressed and deprived nations to establish a new economic order in the world. In the present circumstances, with the world in a critical and difficult period and the United Nations practically paralyzed and disabled as a result of the attempts at domination by the super-Powers and the existence of the unjust right of veto in the Organization's decision-making process, the role of the non- aligned movement in confronting world crises and tension can be more effective and significant than ever. Under such conditions, member States should place great value on the ideals and principles of the movement and should work towards consolidating it with a view to maintaining its dynamism and vitality as well as its true substance. The sense of responsibility shown by the members of the non-aligned movement as regards the movement's destiny and future in connection with the changing of the venue of the Seventh Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries from Baghdad made us more hopeful than ever about the future of the movement. We believe that that development made the non-aligned movement successful in its historical ordeal and made it better prepared to fulfil its future responsibilities. The Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, following the principles of its ideology concerning support for the justice-seeking struggles of the oppressed nations against the oppressors, severed ails its political and economic relations with the racist regime of South Africa from the very first days of the victory of the revolution. We have always condemned and denounced in international circles the policies of the minority racist Government, which hurt the common conscience of human society. The current year has been declared by the United Nations as International Year of Mobilization for Sanctions against South Africa. We hope that firm and collective measures are taken to solve this difficult problem. While supporting the legitimate rights of the tyrannized people of Namibia, we call for the withdrawal of the occupying forces of the racist Government of South Africa from Namibia and demand that all African revolutionary countries and institutions that have taken part in efforts relating to this problem increase their efforts. Besides, by condemning the suppression of the oppressed black majority of South Africa, who are the principal owners of that land, we declare our all-encompassing support for those freedom fighters. We vehemently condemn the United States and other Western imperialist countries that, in contravention of the United Nations Charter and resolutions, extend military, economic and political support to the racist regime of Pretoria. We support the front-line countries, such as Angola and Mozambique, in their struggle against South Africa. From our standpoint, the conspiracy of world imperialism against the deprived people of the African continent, especially the plot to boycott the nineteenth session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government of the OAU at Tripoli in August, is one of the links in the chain of th3 imperialist plot designed to dominate Moslem and oppressed countries of the world. In connection with the Afghanistan issue, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran believes that the military invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union and the imposition of an unwanted regime on the people of that cautery should not be viewed only from the standpoint of the violation of the independence and territorial integrity of the Moslem people of Afghanistan. This aggression has trampled underfoot human honor and the traditions, customs and culture and, most important of all, the faith and religious beliefs of that nation. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as a result of the common culture, language, traditions, history and, most important, the religion it shares with the tyrannized people of Afghanistan, cannot remain silent in the face of this aggression. That was why Iran was the first country to condemn the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. We consider necessary the complete, unconditional and immediate withdrawal of the occupying forces from Afghanistan, non-intervention by other forces in the internal affairs of that country, the return of the Afghan combatants to their homeland and the restoration to the people of Afghanistan of their right to determine their destiny; without these, there can be no settlement of the Afghanistan issue. In this connection, we reject any negotiation conducted in the absence of the true representatives of the Afghan people. We consistently support the struggles and efforts of the freedom-seeking countries of South and Central America, especially the revolutionary people of Nicaragua, against the interference, conspiracy and attempts at domination by America. We also support the legitimate struggles of revolutionary forces in El Salvador and other countries of the region against the tyranny and oppression of despotic regimes. The Islamic Republic of Iran condemns the British military attacks on the Malvinas Islands and the co-operation of America and Britain in that connection, and considers them as an example of imperialist, dominance-seeking policies of colonizers in that part of the world. We support the wish of the Korean people for the reunification of the two Koreas and believe that the presence of American forces in the Korean peninsula is an obastacle to that unity. We call for the withdrawal of imperialist agents from the region. Here, we once again declare our full support for the Sahraoui and Moro liberation movements, as well as other anti-imperialist and liberation movements. The tensions existing between East and West and the rivalry of those two blocs in exploiting the people and resources of third world countries are the cause of many of the present difficulties in the world. The tensions can be eased through disarmament and a freeze on the arms race. But, unfortunately, neither of the super-Powers is prepared to give up its arrogance in the interest of humanity. For this reason international efforts for disarmament and a freeze of the arms race have been deadlocked. As a result, a great part of the manpower and financial capacity of the countries of the world is still being used for the arms race. At a time when millions of people of the third world are suffering from poverty, hunger and disease, each year $650 billion are used for arms manufactured solely for the annihilation of humanity. This is done at a time when, by allocating the budget of several strategic bombers to fighting certain diseases that each year take hundreds of victims from among the deprived peoples, those diseases could be eradicated. The second special session of the General Assembly on disarmament, in which much hope had been placed, proved unsuccessful. The failure of that session should be considered not only as a warning for world peace and security but also as a disaster that shows the seriousness of the international situation caused by the aggressive nature and expansionist ambitions of the super-Powers for the maintenance of their domination and influence over other countries of the world. The super-Powers still continue to increase their production of arms and escalate the arms race, and thus brought the last session of the Committee on Disarmament, held at Geneva, to failure. Intensification of the arms race consumes the resources of third world countries that should be used for their prosperity and to end their deprivation. Instead, the profits go to the super-Powers, which substitute confrontation and conflict for amity and understanding in international relations. Therefore it lies with third world countries, thanks to all the experience they have gained from various imperialist strategies, to put an end to the differences created by imperialist forces and, by making use of their financial resources for their national well-being, take the first step for the eradication of this unjust order that has cast its shadow over the world. The serious crisis that dominates the world economy is a deep and structural one. The increased deficit in the balance of payments, the negative changes in the terms of trade, the lack of financial capital for long-term, infrastructural and productive investments, the lack of access to global markets for offers of goods and services, the lack of transfer of technology and, finally, the brain drain only some of the difficulties that third world countries encounter owing to the world economic crisis. The main cause of this crisis is rooted in the unjust capitalist economic order and exploitative policies that world imperialism is implementing for the sake of preserving its material interests and political and cultural hegemony at the international level. The economic and political policies of the Western industrialized countries, particularly those of the United States, are so shortsighted and narrow-minded that they reject the slightest legitimate wish of third world countries even for the smallest change in the oppressive world economic order. Among the measures adopted against third world countries are the negative reactions to the call for negotiations to establish a new international economic order, the creation of a variety of obstacles to the fruitful conclusion of the negotiations for establishing a financial system for the transfer of science and technology to third world countries, postponement of talks and exertion of pressure on other industrialized societies aimed at undermining the talks and causing a deadlock. On the other hand, Western industrialized societies, especially America, by taking advantage of their dominant economic situation, by adopting and implementing oppressive policies, by imposing economic restrictions and sanctions, as well as by employing harsh commercial protective strategies against developing countries, endeavor to prevent the latter's economic, political and social development. By exerting control over international organizations, such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and by opposing just and basic changes in the management of those organizations, the United States and other Western industrialized countries have persistently tried to impose on third world countries monetary and financial economic policies which protect imperialist interests, without any concern for the existing social and economic conditions and needs in developing countries. By imposing divisive measures and vicious political and economic maneuvers on third world countries, American imperialism, along with other Western industrialized countries, makes every effort to divide third world countries and preserve the oppressive, exploitative economic order. Efforts made to impede multilateral negotiations and collective action are blatant examples of such divisive strategies. We are of the opinion that as long as inhuman and merely materialistic viewpoints dominate the world economic order or the economies of countries and human beings, and organizations and Governments, particularly in Western industrialized countries, are limited to satisfying materialistic and consumer needs, the world economic and political crisis will not only fail to improve but will actually deteriorate. Along with the cancerous increase in consumption and development of the economies of the Western industrialized countries, we shall witness the poverty and economic paralysis of the majority of the peoples of the world. The poverty and economic weakness of third world countries are directly related to the unsound development of the economies of the Western industrialized countries and their wasteful and dissipated use of economic resources. Therefore, we believe that global changes in production, trade and consumption should take place so as to change present world economic relations and order for which man's dignity and honor in relation to the new order should basically be taken into consideration. In the consultative seminar of the South, held in New Delhi, we said that the third world countries should form a united front to co-ordinate their economic policies against the countries of the North. To achieve that objective, the creation of a permanent secretariat to review the difficulties and present proper solutions is vital. We believe that it is only through unity and collective pressure that deprived and economically backward countries can open the way to the initiation of international negotiations, totally and basically to change the world economic relations and order without being influenced by any pressure from the super-Powers. Enough has been said and heard in this connection, and now it is high time to take practical measures. Considering the influence of the super-Powers in the United Nations, the Organization has become a means to exert political pressure on those countries that are struggling against the 'imperialism of the East and West and Zionism. This colossal machine is put in motion only when the interests of one of the big Powers necessitates it. And if a solution is not found, the world will not be far away from international anarchy and chaos. In this connection, many examples can be cited. In September 1980 the Iraqi regime attacked Iran and drowned thousands of innocent civilians in blood, displaced millions of our fellow countrymen and razed the cities located in the part of our territory that had been under its occupation for 22 months. It seems as if in the course of those two years the colossal machine of the United Nations was in a deep sleep and no one was thinking about the establishment of a just and honorable peace, the peaceful settlement of disputes and the maintenance of international security, as stipulated in the Charter. But as soon as our combatants were able by their devotion and selflessness and the sacrifice of thousands of men, to expel the aggressive enemy from most of their soil, they embarked on the course of administering justice and ensuring the security of the borders. And then, all of a sudden, the mission of the super-Powers for the maintenance and consolidation of international peace and security was propounded. It is not known where these awakened consciences and missions were during the two years that had passed since the beginning of the war and the oppression and tyranny to which the people of Iran were subjected. Is it not the case that now that the interests of the superpowers, which supported the Iraqi regime with their money and weapons, are threatened, the members of the Security Council have started to think about adopting a resolution, commiserating about peace and including an item in this connection in the agenda of the General Assembly? I shall give a better example. On 18 September 1982 one of the most shocking crimes in human history was committed in Beirut before the very eyes of the world and the United Nations. Israeli criminals, assisted by mercenary phalangists, having committed crimes in southern Lebanon for several months and despite their false promises that they would not occupy west Beirut, attacked that area and slaughtered hundreds of defenseless and unarmed Palestinian and Lebanese men, women and children. If the United Nations and its Members firmly believed in the mission stipulated in the Charter for the maintenance of international peace and security, they would have had to take measures-if only because of the wounded international conscience-to punish that seed of evil- doing, insecurity, warmongering and aggression, within the context of Chapter VII of the Charter. Perhaps it is forgotten that Articles 41 and 42 of the Charter even exist. Is it not one of the conditions for membership in the Organization that a Member must be peace-loving? Did not the General Assembly in its resolution ES-7/4 of 30 April 1982 recognize Israel to be non-peace-loving? The provisions of Article 6 of the Charter suffice to expel Israel from the United Nations. Then why is warmongering Israel still a Member of the United Nations? If proper action is not taken in this case or in similar cases, the concept of collective action for the maintenance of peace and security, contained in the Charter, will not be applied. And if serious measures are not taken in this case for the elimination of the unjust privilege of veto, the confidence that the deprived and tyrannized nations of the world should have in the Organization will not be created and the shortcomings to which the Secretary- General has referred in his report will not be eliminated. We should not forget that the Charter and its monopolistic privileges are the outcome of the post-Second-World-War situation, much of which no longer pertains, and the international atmosphere and the United Nations structure have changed too. Nor can international law, on the basis of the principle of unilateral and unequitable privileges that have proved to be destructive. We hope for the day when Member States, with realism and understanding of this fundamental development, will bestow upon the United Nations the role that benefits it.