Mr. President, I take special pleasure in
congratulating you, the representative of
fraternal Hungary, on your election to the
presidency at this thirty seventh session of the
General Assembly. Your unanimous election to this
high post is an expression of the general
recognition of the international authority and
prestige of socialist Hungary and its peace
loving foreign policy. At the same time it is a
tribute to your outstanding personal qualities.
On behalf of the Mongolian delegation, I wish you
every success in the discharge of your
responsible mission. Your great experience in
international affairs, and especially in United
Nations circles, will no doubt serve as a
valuable factor in the successful completion of
this session. At this thirty seventh session the
Assembly faces the urgent tasks of lessening
international tension and reducing the threat of
nuclear war. The world situation has acutely
deteriorated as a result of adventurist actions
of the most aggressive circles of imperialism,
which have set their narrow selfish aims against
the onward march of history. In particular, the
military industrial complex of the United States
of America is seeking to impose the domination of
American imperialism over the whole world and to
establish everywhere an order solely to its
liking. The arms race is being intensified on an
unprecedented scale with a view to upsetting the
existing military and strategic balance to the
detriment of the interests of universal peace and
security. Designs are being nurtured for waging
limited or protracted nuclear wars. Detente and
the principles of peaceful coexistence are being
renounced outright. Force and sanctions have
become the principal instruments of foreign
policy. Attempts are being made to undermine the
very fabric of international relations. Resort to
blackmail, deceit and hypocrisy have become all
too common. Rhetorical statements about peace and
stability camouflage the actions taken to
destabilize the situation in various regions, to
sow distrust and enmity among peoples and States.
Under the pretext of safeguarding vital interests
and national security, blatant interference in
the internal affairs of States, as well as acts
of aggression and even genocide by proxies, are
being perpetrated. I should like to note here
that such tricks are also practised by certain
circles on our Asian continent. In order to
conceal their expansionist ambitions, some offer
assurances that their country would never become
a super Power. In order to divert the attention
of the public from their own country’s increasing
military potential and from its reviving
militarism, others assert that their country
would never become a military Power. The
rewriting of textbooks and historical documents
in order to whitewash the past criminal acts of
the militarists is another case in point. But the
main thing is that the militaristic circles of
imperialism are covering up their attempts to
strike at the socialist community by coarse
slander directed against the peaceful nature of
the socialist system. The clamour about the
nonexistent Soviet military threat is designed to
justify the organization of a crusade against the
real socialism. History knows such tactics.
Immediately after the victory of the October
Revolution, an armed intervention of 14
capitalist States under the slogan of fight
against the communist threat was launched against
the young Soviet Republic. And nowadays attempts
to undermine the very foundations of the
socialist system in the countries of socialism
are not abandoned, which is evidenced by the
aggressive intrigues against the Polish People’s
Republic and the Republic of Cuba. But socialism
has withstood imperialist assaults and invasions
and has now become so strong as to exert a
decisive influence on world events and to serve
as a stronghold of peace, national independence
and the social progress of nations. This is an
historic gain of lasting importance for the
future of mankind. The Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, which celebrates its sixtieth
anniversary this year, is thebulwark of all the
peace loving, democratic and revolutionary
forces. The peace loving policy and constructive
initiative of the socialist community have a
favourable and stabilizing impact on the world
situation and actively promote United Nations
activities for the maintenance of peace and
international cooperation. Here I should like to
note also the influential role played by the
nonaligned movement in consolidating peace and
security and in restructuring international
relations on an anti imperialist and anti
colonialist basis. We give due credit also to the
realistic approach of sober minded statesmen in
Western countries who stand for the maintenance
and development of mutually beneficial relations
between East and West and for the preservation
and strengthening of detente. The intensified
mass antiwar movement in the world is an
important factor that promotes the objectives of
the United Nations in maintaining international
peace and security. Meanwhile the following
striking example reveals the attitude of major
imperialist Powers these objectives of the United
Nations. At the very moment that the first
special session of the General Assembly on
disarmament was under way in 1978 here in New
York, a long term programme of an arms buildup by
NATO was adopted nearby in Washington. And this
year that programme was again reaffirmed in Bonn,
at the highest level of the NATO alliance, during
the second special session devoted to
disarmament. The peace programme for the 1980s
put forward by the Soviet Union and the
constructive initiatives of socialist countries
envisage practical measures to curb the arms race
and to remove the threat of a nuclear holocaust.
Under the present circumstances, the extremely
far reaching and bold step of the Soviet Union is
the obligation, unilaterally assumed by the
Soviet Union at the second special session of the
General Assembly on disarmament, not to be the
first to use nuclear weapons. We believe that at
the present session the Assembly should call upon
other nuclear Powers to do likewise. We consider
that the new proposal submitted by the Soviet
delegation at this session rightly supplements
the aforementioned initiative of historic
significance. The proposal and the relevant
document on the immediate cessation and
prohibition of nuclear weapon tests seeks to
speed up the stagnant negotiations in this field.
The new draft of basic provisions of a treaty on
the complete and general prohibition of nuclear
weapon tests constructively reflects the views
and observations of other States on this matter,
in the verification issues, and thus undoubtedly
improves the chances for a positive outcome of
negotiations. The proposal to set a moratorium on
any nuclear explosions, starting from an agreed
date until the treaty is concluded, can create
favourable conditions for achieving this vital
goal. The same goal is then pursued by the Soviet
Union, which clearly expressed its readiness to
ratify at any time, on a reciprocal basis, the
Soviet United States treaties on the limitation
of underground nuclear weapon tests and on
nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes, as well
as to resume tripartite negotiations. This
position of the Soviet Union is in glaring
contrast to the recent decision of the United
States Administration not to resume tripartite
negotiations, which has given rise to concern in
the world community. The carrying out of a
comprehensive ban on nuclear weapon tests is of
special significance in putting an end to the
technological arms race, preventing the
production of new types of nuclear weapons,
including neutron weapons. The Government of the
Mongolian People’s Republic regards as timely and
important the new initiative of the Soviet Union
on intensification of efforts to remove the
threat of nuclear war and ensure the safe
development of nuclear energy. It is essential to
block firmly a new channel which could result in
incidents of nuclear catastrophe. The General
Assembly, in the spirit of its Declaration on the
Prevention of Nuclear Catastrophe, should, as
proposed by theSoviet Union, declare the
destruction of peaceful nuclear facilities, even
by means of conventional weapons, to be
equivalent to an attack carried out with the use
of nuclear weapons. Such an action, as we know,
would be termed a crime against humanity. The
talks between the Soviet Union and the United
States on the limitation and reduction of
strategic arms, as well as medium range nuclear
missiles in Europe, are of decisive significance
as regards a wide range of disarmament problems.
Those talks, which concern the very core of the
global strategic situation, will be successful
provided that the two parties strictly observe
the principle of equality and equal security.
Attempts to evade that principle in particular,
manoeuvres such as the zero option are the main
obstacle to reaching mutually acceptable
agreements. The problem of the elimination of
chemical weapons has of late become especially
acute. It stems from the decision adopted by
Washington to accelerate the development and
manufacture of new types of this barbaric weapon
including binary weapons. The Mongolian People’s
Republic is in favour of intensifying the efforts
of the Committee on Disarmament so as to complete
the elaboration of an international convention on
the prohibition of chemical weapons and on their
destruction. Actions aimed at spreading the arms
race to outer space are becoming more and more
ominous. The Mongolian People’s Republic is
endeavouring in every way possible to bring about
an early start of the work of the Committee on
Disarmament on the elaboration of the text of an
international treaty on the prohibition of the
deployment of weapons of any kind in outer space.
Among the measures for strengthening universal
peace and security, the Government of the
Mongolian People’s Republic attaches great
significance to the Vienna Talks on Mutual
Reduction of Forces; Armaments and Associated
Measures in Central Europe. The achievement of
positive results in those talks would have a
favourable effect on the improvement of relations
between East and West and on the international
situation as a whole. A realistic approach is
required of the Western partners to the
constructive proposals of the socialist countries
so as to pave the way for achieving progress in
this field. The same stand is taken by the
Mongolian People’s Republic in its approach to
the Madrid meeting of the participants in the
Conference on Security and Co operation in Europe
which was held at Helsinki in 1975. My Government
commends the efforts by the neutral and
nonaligned States taking part in the meeting that
are aimed at working out a generally acceptable
final document. It hopes that the meeting will
succeed in adopting a decision to convene a
conference on confidence building measures and
disarmament in Europe and taking other towards
consolidating the spirit of the Helsinki Final
Act. My delegation believes that a settlement of
the Cyprus problem on the basis of the relevant
United Nations decisions and the principles of
respect for the national independence and
territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus
is of great importance for the cause of peace and
stability in Europe. In Asia the largest number
of hotbeds of tension and armed conflicts
continue to exist. Developments: the Middle East
during the past several months prove that a delay
in the settlement of so called local conflicts is
fraught with dangerous consequences for the cause
of universal peace. The armed aggression against
Lebanon and the massacre in west Beirut are the
direct aftermath of the Camp David deal and of
the so called United States Israeli strategic
cooperation. The Government of the Mongolian
People’s Republic in its statement of 22
September this year resolutely condemned Israel’s
acts of aggression and genocide in Lebanon and
stated anew that the responsibility for the
atrocities must be borne by Tel Aviv and its
United States patrons. The Mongolian People’s
Republic demands the withdrawal of Israeli forces
from Lebanon and from all occupied Arab
territories. The Mongolian Copies Republic, like
the overwhelming majority of States, advocates a
comprehensive settlement of the Middle East
problem with the participation of all the parties
concerned, including the PLO the legitimate
representative of the Arab people of Palestine on
the basis of ensuring its right to create a
national State of its own. Therefore my
Government supports the proposal made by the
Soviet Union on 15 September this year, which
takes into account the latest developments in the
Middle East. The Government of the Mongolian
People’s Republic regards as positive the
declaration of the Twelfth Arab Summit
Conference, held at Fez, and regards it as a
basis which would contribute to uniting the Arab
world in the interest of settling the Middle East
problem. For many years the situation in South
East Asia has remained highly tense. The reason
for that, we strongly believe, lies in the policy
and practices of the imperialisms and their
accomplices, who, in pursuance of their so called
parallel strategic interests, seek to alter which
emerged in Indo China as a result of the
triumphant struggle of the peoples of Viet Nam,
Laos and Kampuchea against imperialist
aggression. At the same time attempts are being
made to incite the countries of the Association
of South East Asian Nations to engage in
confrontation against the three countries of Indo
China and to have ASEAN transformed into a
military political bloc. Quite recently a new
manoeuvre concerning Kampuchea was undertaken. A
so calted coalition Government of nonexistent
Democratic Kampuchea was knocked together and
serves as a camouflage for attempts to revive the
Pol Pot regime, on whose conscience lies bloody
genocide against its own people. This is a new
machination not only against the peoples of Indo
China but also against peace and security in
South East Asia as a whole. The Mongolian
People’s Republic firmly believes that all the
problems of South East Asia should be resolved by
the States of that region themselves, through
constructive dialogue and without any outside
interference. The initiatives taken by Viet Nam,
the Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the
People’s Republic of Kampuchea in July of this
year at the conference held in Ho Chi Minh City
are constructive and directed to that end. Those
proposals and steps demonstrating good will are
conducive to the creation of a spirit of mutual
trust and of favourable conditions for
strengthening peace and security in the region
and for developing good neighborly relations and
peaceful cooperation between the countries of
Indo China and those of ASEAN. The Mongolian
People’s Republic has consistently supported the
just struggle of the Korean people for the
peaceful and democratic reunification of its
country, and for the withdrawal of United States
troops and nuclear facilities from South Korea.
At present the situation in Asia is being
aggravated still further by the fact that the
expansionist and militarist circles of certain
major Powers of that continent are being drawn
more and more into the orbit of United States
military and political strategy. That calls for
the active involvement of Asian States in the
struggle for strengthening peace and security on
that continent. My delegation notes with
satisfaction that a number of Asian countries are
advancing constructive ideas and proposals. The
proposal made on 24 August 1981 by the Government
of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan points
the way to the solution of the situation which
has arisen around Afghanistan on the basis of
respect for the sovereignty, independence and
democratic achievements of the Afghan people. In
that context the Mongolian People’s Republic
welcomed the meetings between the representatives
of Afghanistan and Pakistan, held through the
good offices of the Secretary General. Against
the background of the present situation in the
Far East, the proposal made by the Soviet Union
concerning the drafting and implementation of
confidence building measures in that region is of
great importance. The proposal made by the Govern
ment of the Mongolian People’s Republic on the
conclusion of a convention on mutual
nonaggression and nonuse of force in relations
between the States of Asia and the Pacific is in
keeping with this and other initiatives. The very
purpose of our initiative is to proscribe the use
of force in interState relations, which would
strengthen mutual understanding and trust in
order that all disputes can be settled by
peaceful means alone. We consider that dialogue
and negotiations constitute the only reasonable
way to solve problems of peace and the security
of States. I should like to stress here that the
Mongolian proposal is not a mere repetition of
the obligation not to use force undertaken by
States in accordance with the Charter. It has as
its aim the realistic implementation of that
principle, with due regard for the multifaceted
practices and the specific features of interState
relations in Asia. In spite of some assertions,
the existence of many unresolved problems in Asia
proves that our proposal is timely. It is clear
that efforts for the peaceful resolution of
conflict situations between individual States or
in different regions specifically require the
adoption of measures to exclude the use of force.
We in the Mongolian; People’s Republic hope that
the efforts of the representatives of nonaligned
States, which deserve encouragement and support
will bring about a peaceful securement of the
conflict between Iraq and the Islamic Republic of
Iran and create conditions for the establishment
of peaceful relations in that important part of
western Asia. Naturally, we realize that the
implementation of cur initiative will require
time and painstaking efforts. My delegation, on
behalf of the Mongolian Government, wishes to
express its gratitude to all Governments which
support our initiative. The Mongolian People’s
Republic has consistently supported the efforts
of nonaligned countries to turn the Indian Ocean
into a zone of peace, and we favour the convening
of an international conference on this issue in
1983. We consider as timely the appeal to refrain
from any steps likely to complicate the situation
in that region. A danger to international peace
is posed by remnants of colonialism and by the
neocolonialist intrigues of imperialist forces.
The racist Pretoria regime, relying on the
support of imperialist circles, is seeking to
perpetuate in one way or another its domination
in Namibia, and it systematically commits acts of
aggression against neighboring countries. In our
view, the Assembly at this session should once
again speak out in favour of the imposition of
comprehensive sanctions against South Africa.
Like other countries, the Mongolian People’s
Republic is in favour of the immediate granting
of independence to the people of Namibia through
its legitimate representative, SWAPO, on the
basis of United Nations resolutions. There should
be no artificial conditions or linkages. In that
connection, the Government of the Mongolian
People’s Republic most emphatically condemns
Pretoria’s aggressive intrigues against the
People’s Republic of Angola, Mozambique and other
frontline States. The events in the South
Atlantic have vividly demonstrated the danger
posed to peace by the continued existence of any
colonial possessions, even the smallest and
remotest. At the same time, those events
emphasized the urgent need to complete the
process of decolonization. My delegation
considers that the problem of the Malvinas
Islands should be solved only through
negotiations and on the basis of the relevant
United Nations resolutions on the decolonization
of that Territory. The Mongolian People’s
Republic supports the granting of independence to
Puerto Rico. Moreover, it is opposed to making
Micronesia a colonial possession. The Mongolian
people condemns the growing intrigues against
revolutionary Nicaragua and the patriotic forces
of El Salvador. Imperialism’s neocolonialist
strategy assigns an important place to attempts
at splitting the OAU, which plays an important
role in the struggle for peace, freedom and
independence on the African continent. The
Mongolian delegation expresses the hope that the
Tripoli declaration of 8 August 1982 will promote
the cause of consolidating the ranks of the OAU.
The pernicious effects of neo colonialism are
clearly shown in the economic policies of
imperialist Powers towards developing countries.
Economic relations between imperialist Powers on
the one hand and developing countries on the
other are characterized by exploitation and
plundering of the latter. That is the main reason
for the constant deterioration of the social and
economic situation in newly liberated States. The
leading Western Powers disregard the just demands
of developing countries for a restructuring of
international economic relations, and they are
preventing the implementation of progressive
provisions of such important United Nations
documents as the Charter of Economic Rights and
Duties of States and the Declaration and
Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New
International Economic Order The Mongolian
People’s Republic is in favour of the democratic
reshaping of international economic relations and
of economic decolonization. The Government of the
Mongolian People’s Republic condemns the attempts
of imperialist Powers to use trade and other
forms of economic ties as instruments of their
aggressive policy. Such a course undermines the
very foundation of international economic
cooperation and results in increasing tension in
the world. My delegation believes that the
comprehensive United Nations Convention on the
Law of the Sea meets the interests of all
countries and can contribute significantly to the
cause of strengthening peaceful cooperation among
States in the vast space of the world’s oceans.
The Mongolian People’s Republic advocates the
signing of the Convention by all States and its
speedy entry into force. We resolutely reject any
actions and deals directed towards arbitrary
utilization of the world’s oceans and their
resources in evasion or in violation of the
provisions of that Convention. In conclusion, the
Mongolian delegation wishes to emphasize once
again the urgent need to adopt measures on the
implementation of the Declaration on the
Strengthening of International Security enhancing
the effectiveness of the principle of
renunciation of the use of force or the threat of
its use in international relations. In the same
spirit the Government of the Mongolian People’s
Republic reiterates its stand in favour of
stimulating the activities of the United Nations
and its principal organ the Security Council,
which bears the main responsibility for the
maintenance of collective security on the basis
of strict observance of the provisions of the
Charter. My delegation will be guided by this
policy in its participation in the work of the
present session.