I am happy to congratulate you, Sir, on your election to preside over the General Assembly during the current session. I wish you every success in managing our business. It would be remiss of me not to express our appreciation to your predecessor for his efforts during his stewardship of the Assembly during the previous session. I also wish to express the appreciation and thanks of my delegation to the Secretary-General for his efforts in the maintenance of international peace and security, which will not be achieved until the world gets rid of all weapons of mass destruction and implements the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) with respect to all, without distinction. I remind the Assembly that my country has stressed the important need to amend the NPT so as to enable the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to perform its tasks and verify the reduction of nuclear arsenals, whose existence is the most dangerous threat to mankind. Equally important, we must encourage States to possess and use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. We have affirmed many times that the voluntary initiative of our country to reject all activities related to the production of prohibited materials should be a role model for countries possessing, or seeking to possess, nuclear power. The United Nations was established to meet the needs and concerns of Member States. An honest and strict evaluation of the current situation and the Organization’s achievements shows that we still need to work in unison to support it. Here we should contemplate the suggestions of our brother, the Leader of the Revolution, Colonel Muammar Al-Qadhafi, in his address to the Assembly during the sixty-fourth session. The United Nations is at a crossroads. It must be reformed in order to achieve equality for all States. This is the real reform to which we all aspire: that the General Assembly become the main legislature, the organ that can produce binding resolutions, as it represents the real parliament of the world. The Security Council, on the contrary, should be the executive tool, implementing the resolutions of the Assembly. We have time and again called for permanent membership to be given to certain Member States, but, in order for the Council to accommodate small States as well, the ideal solution is to give Security Council membership to regional groups. That would secure the representation on the Council of all nations, without the exclusive veto right, which is contrary to democracy. The African continent, which has been deprived of fair representation on the Security Council, should 10-55276 2 have a permanent seat. That is a legitimate request. It would put the African continent on an equal footing with all the other geopolitical groupings. The speedy pace of development in developing countries and the need to narrow the painful gap between the developing and developed countries require international cooperation within the framework of a new and effective partnership. It goes without saying that the underdevelopment and poverty of most nations are the remnants of colonization and plunder, the theft of their resources and the illegal usurping of their riches. The former colonizers should apologize for those actions. It is time the Assembly took the necessary measures to criminalize colonialism, put the blame on the countries concerned and make them accountable for their historical responsibilities. Nations suffered immensely from the two world wars, after which the United Nations was established. Since then the world has witnessed wars of aggression and illegal interventions which are a flagrant violation of all international customs and conventions. The invasion of Iraq is a shameful example of such unfair and heinous wars. In order to achieve international justice, the United Nations is called upon to establish an international investigative panel to understand the motivation behind the invasion and to investigate the mass killings and executions of prisoners of war, including the head of State. At this forum last year, the Leader of the Revolution, our brother, Colonel Muammar Al-Qadhafi, also raised the question of the political assassination of many personalities, including Dag Hammarskjöld, John Kennedy, Patrice Lumumba, Martin Luther King, Maurice Bishop and many Palestine Liberation Organization leaders. Those assassinations shocked the conscience of the world and created anger and rage the world over. However, justice was not done; the perpetrators enjoyed, and continue to enjoy, impunity. My country has called for an effective international instrument to secure an honest investigation of all the circumstances that led to the assassinations. An alternative Headquarters for the United Nations has been suggested. We all know that certain considerations were in play in choosing the host country for the current Headquarters. But for the good conduct of our work, and to facilitate the work of the diplomatic missions accredited to the United Nations, it is imperative to choose another Headquarters, in another country. We must study all the bids presented by other countries, at the forefront of which is the offer by the Jamahiriya to host the Headquarters. Anti-personnel mines are weapons used by weak States to defend their territories against invaders and to protect themselves. Strong and mighty States do not need such weapons, because they possess advanced arsenals. In this connection, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti- Personnel Mines and on Their Destruction, the Ottawa Treaty, should be amended in a way that takes into account the security interests of small States. The drafters should have included a provision for compensation to be paid to the States where such mines have been planted. My country suggests a review of the Treaty. We must distinguish between the heinous phenomenon of terrorism and the deliberate biased distortion of the struggle of nations languishing under occupation. The Palestinian people are waging an incredible struggle against enemies nourished by a racist creed, who deny the right of that oppressed people to existence and self-determination. The world understands the suffering and losses of the Palestinian people over 62 years. We cannot deny the facts of history. This question cannot be settled through the so-called peace process, because it will go on indefinitely. The solution, rather, is the establishment of one democratic State in which all can coexist, without discrimination, in accordance with the suggestion by our brother Muammar Al-Qadhafi in his “White Book” regarding Isratine. In the framework of strengthening cooperation between the States of the South and those of the North, my country is to play host in October to an Arab- African summit. We shall also host, in November, a summit of Africa and the European Union, which will be a major transformation in the relationship between all the States concerned. We call on all stakeholders and all States to take part in the two summits at the highest level, as they are of prime importance. In current circumstances, and in the framework of today’s challenges, we have great hope that bold measures will be taken to strengthen the General Assembly, its authority and effectiveness so that it better represents the interests of all nations.