At this sixty-fifth session of the General Assembly, it is right that we re-examine the role of the United Nations in global governance, as we strive to help it adapt as fast as our times are changing, so that it serves all its Members equally. In my understanding, global governance recognizes the inevitable and welcome interconnectedness of nations, the unique circumstances and contributions of each and the principle of mutual respect. I say “welcome” because, as we have seen, major threats of a global scale — like the financial crisis, climate change, terrorism, poverty and other challenges to world peace — need the concerted efforts of all nations if they are to be addressed effectively. The just-concluded High-level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals has provided us another opportunity to assess the role of the United Nations, measure the progress we have made and consider the hurdles that remain in meeting the various Goals we set for ourselves. It is evident that the United Nations is uniquely placed to play a crucial role in mobilizing and galvanizing all nations for the common good, driving forward our collective initiatives and coordinating actions that foster the social and economic development of all. Still, the United Nations is the sum total of Member States, and it can only be as good as the constituent Members want it to be. If there were a common understanding and shared values among all Member States, the Organization would deliver more efficiently on its mandate. But it has become clear that the United Nations has evolved into a two-tier organization, reflecting a world that seems to be divided into two major categories: one considered to have inherent, laudable values, rights and liberties, and another that needs to be taught and coached on those values. My country and many in the developing world seem to fall into that second category. Not only marginalized and disenfranchised, we are also considered chronic violators of our own human rights. The implication is that the United Nations holds a certain standard for some countries, and another for others, especially on international issues concerning which every single Member should be treated equally under the law. In my view, a debate between those two categories is urgently needed within the United Nations membership so as to regain the noble founding ideals of the Organization. No entity is better placed than our common United Nations to bring equality and respect, despite disparities in economic status. The same situation pertains in the realm of international justice and the rule of law. Rwanda subscribes to the principle that everyone and every State is accountable to laws and that the rule of law should govern us all. But these laws must truly be equally enforced and independently adjudicated. Reaffirming the role of the United Nations in global governance presupposes strengthening and reforming it to make it more effective and efficient in its response to global challenges. The impetus to reform our global governance structures, however, is the desire to ensure that they are equipped to deal with those challenges and secure a brighter future for all the citizens of the world. When there are no avenues for appealing international rulings, when there is an accountability deficit in key global institutions and when ordinary citizens feel that the United Nations cannot deal adequately with the issues affecting their daily lives, the United Nations cannot be seen as credible, relevant and democratic. We should make sure the Organization does not become a tool for the powerful to protect their interests and enhance their influence or use it in subjugating others. 13 10-54965 Rwanda believes in multilateralism and understands that global challenges can be effectively resolved only through international cooperation. The United Nations must continue to be at the centre of that agenda and play its role without bias or prejudice. As we in Rwanda continue to rebuild our country, we have become acutely aware of the need for lasting peace and security in our region and have worked hard to achieve it. We know that stability is the key prerequisite for our development and the improved lives of our citizens and our neighbours, and we have unreservedly committed ourselves to attaining it. We will continue to work in partnership with our neighbours, international and regional organizations and the African Union to ensure that peace and security prevail and that Africa fully realizes its potential. Lastly, let me say that each of our countries, separately and collectively, has a duty to the people of the entire world, especially the most vulnerable.