Allow me at the outset to congratulate the President of the General Assembly at its sixty-fifth session, and the friendly people of Switzerland, on his election. Our delegation will cooperate with him to its fullest extent in the performance of his task. We are confident that his experience and wisdom will be important factors in the success of the Assembly’s work and in the achievement of the purposes of the United Nations. I also thank his predecessor, my close friend Mr. Ali Abdussalam Treki, for presiding over the Assembly at its last session. The political process in Iraq since the collapse of the dictatorial regime in 2003 has resulted in radical political change, as well as in the building of a federal, democratic, independent and united Iraq with respected constitutional institutions and a Government elected in accordance with the Constitution. Achieving that goal 41 10-54833 was neither easy nor simple. Iraq faced many challenges, foremost of which was confronting extremist, sectarian and factional forces and countering terrorist groups and groups of the former dictatorial regime that are attempting to take Iraq back to the dark era of mass graves and fruitless wars. Those groups have used various means, including the most heinous crimes, and have allied themselves with organized crime and transnational terrorist networks in order to destabilize the security situation in Iraq. The main task of the Government of Iraq was to provide security throughout the country and to strengthen national unity and the rule of law. There have been significant developments in Iraq since I stood before the Assembly last year. This year and last have witnessed a significant decrease in violence and a marked improvement in security in Iraq. Although there were some terrorist acts targeting innocent civilians in different places in the country, the overall security situation has improved, and that paved the way for the withdrawal of United States combat forces operating in Iraq. The complete pullout of those forces on 31 August 2010 was based on the Agreement Between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq On the Withdrawal of United States Forces from Iraq and the Organization of Their Activities during Their Temporary Presence in Iraq, signed by both parties on 17 November 2008. This year has also seen successful legislative elections, which were held on 7 March with considerable Arab, regional and international interest. The United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq and the observers from the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the League of Arab States, the international community and civil society organizations all expressed their belief that the elections were transparent, free and fair. The principal political parties have been in continuous communication with the aim of holding a fruitful session of the newly elected Iraqi Council of Representatives to elect a Speaker for the new parliament and the President of the Republic of Iraq, after which, according to the provisions of the Iraqi Constitution, the elected President will ask a new Prime Minister to form a Government. It is our hope that that new Government will be formed as soon as possible, as any delay will negatively affect the security situation, reconstruction and prosperity. The improved security situation in Iraq has encouraged many Arab and other countries to reopen their diplomatic missions and has helped to develop Iraqi relations regionally and internationally. The appointment of new Iraqi ambassadors to various countries around the world has also helped to promote and broaden the horizons of those relations. Iraq’s assuming the presidency of the current session of the Arab League and of the Arab Summit Conference in March of next year will promote Iraq’s regional role and will be considered an important step in its efforts to regain its global standing as an effective and responsible member of the international community. The Government of Iraq will continue to move in that direction through strengthening its friendships, cooperation and good-neighbourly efforts, thus creating greater opportunity for stability and security in the region. In the development arena, on 4 April 2010 the Government of Iraq initiated a national development plan for the five-year period from 2010 to 2014. It contains around 2,700 strategic projects in various sectors at a total cost of $186 billion. That plan will help to develop the Iraqi economy and enhance the quality of services provided to Iraqis. It will also create 4 million jobs, thus helping the unemployment problem in Iraq. The national development plan will also help Iraqi refugees return to their homes. The Government of Iraq believes that the real solution for the problem of Iraqi refugees and displaced persons lies in their return to their homeland and their residences. Iraq needs the experience of all its citizens to help build the country’s future. We therefore call upon countries hosting Iraqi refugees, international organizations and civil society organizations to promote awareness of the culture of voluntary return. Iraqi women enjoy important status in the new federal and united Iraq and enjoy political rights equal to those of men. Women have been granted 25 per cent of the seats in the Iraqi Council of Representatives. Additionally, for the first time in many decades, the women of Iraq have assumed many important ministerial positions and have represented their country as ambassadors, this after having been deprived of those rights for more than 30 years. The Constitution also guarantees that women grant their nationality to their children. 10-54833 42 The Constitution formulated the basic principles of Iraq’s foreign policy, which focuses on observing good-neighbourliness and non-interference in the internal affairs of other States, the resolution of disputes by peaceful means and the establishment of international relations based on shared interests and respect for Iraq’s international obligations. On that basis, we seek to establish the best relations with sisterly Arab and Islamic countries and are committed to the resolutions of the Arab League and the Organization of the Islamic Conference. In this spirit we support the Palestinian people’s just struggle to secure their inalienable rights, including the establishment of a Palestinian State on the land of Palestine, as we work to implement the internationally legitimate resolutions aimed at returning the occupied Arab territories. We consider the Arab Peace Initiative to be a practical step towards resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict and achieving security, peace and stability in the Middle East. We also call for making the Middle East a zone free of nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction, which would enhance the prospects for peace and security in the region. We call on all States that have not yet done so to accede to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) and comply with its provisions. With regard to the Iranian nuclear issue, Iraq believes in the legitimate right of States to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. That is a right guaranteed by international conventions, including the NPT. We stress the importance of reaching a peaceful solution to that issue, and that dialogue and quiet diplomacy are the most effective ways to achieve that goal. Any escalation would harm the interests of all parties and would endanger regional security. The most important issue Iraq continues to face is the removal of the burden created by Security Council resolutions adopted against it under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter. By reviewing those resolutions, in accordance with Council resolution 1859 (2008) and in response to the report of the Secretary-General in document S/2009/385, we have been working diligently with our friends and members of the Council to settle all the outstanding issues concerning the situation in Iraq. At the forefront of those issues are the remaining restrictions on Iraq in the field of disarmament, the conclusion of the remaining contracts under the Oil- for-Food programme and finding the right mechanism for guaranteeing Iraqi funds following the replacement of the Development Fund for Iraq and the International Advisory and Monitoring Board for Iraq. Iraq would like to see those dossiers closed by the end of this year. The newly elected Iraqi Government will also deal with the situation between Iraq and sisterly Kuwait and related issues, such as the maintenance of border pillars, compensation and missing Kuwaiti persons and properties. We will work seriously with our Kuwaiti brothers, other stakeholders and United Nations organs to reach a settlement that satisfies all parties without prejudice to our obligations under Security Council resolutions, concerning which we emphasize our respect and commitment. The situation in Iraq has changed as a result of the important positive developments since the collapse of the former regime and the end of the dictatorship. It is drastically different from the situation at the time the Security Council adopted resolution 661 (1990). For that reason, and following the adoption of resolution 1859 (2008) and the publication of the report of the Secretary-General pursuant to paragraph 5 of that resolution (S/2009/385), we believe that the time is ripe for the Council to act in accordance with the Secretary-General’s report and the mandate set out in resolution 1859 (2008). Also, in keeping with its responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, it is time for the Council to review resolutions pertaining specifically to Iraq, beginning with resolution 661 (1990), with a view to helping Iraq achieve the international standing it enjoyed before those resolutions were adopted. The current political process in Iraq aims at building a federal, democratic, independent and united Iraq, where citizens work within a constitutional framework that guarantees the rule of law, where human rights are protected and where all segments of the Iraqi people are treated with full respect. We have great faith in our ability and potential, as a country rich in natural and human resources, to achieve those objectives. However, at this important stage in the life of the Iraqi people, we continue to need the political and economic support of and cooperation from the international community in order to stand on a firm foundation — one that will enable us to advance 43 10-54833 towards a future in which not only can we promote our country’s and our people’s stability, progress and prosperity, but also contribute fully as a member of the international community to the achievement of peace, security and sustainable development for all nations.