On behalf of the people and Government of Papua New Guinea, I wish to join previous speakers in congratulating the President on his election to this prestigious post. His election shows the high esteem in which the international community holds both him personally and his country, the Republic of Korea. My delegation is confident that, through his great diplomatic skills and leadership, which is already evident, he will continue to guide the work of this session of the General Assembly to its successful conclusion. I also take this opportunity, through him, to express my delegation’s sincere appreciation to his predecessor, His Excellency Mr. Harri Holkeri, for his outstanding leadership and stewardship in facilitating the work of the historic Millennium Summit and the fifty-fifth session of the General Assembly. We also congratulate and pay tribute to Mr. Kofi Annan for his re-election to the office of Secretary- General of the United Nations and for the award of the Nobel Peace Prize. Papua New Guinea is resolute in its commitment to the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter. Papua New Guinea acknowledges the value of many of the United Nations treaties and declarations, including those that advance human rights, the rule of law and good governance. Many of these principles are enumerated in our national Constitution. We acknowledge that the Organization has had some limitations, many of which are self-inflicted. We note that the United Nations is now in a much healthier 31 financial position than ever before. However, there is no room for complacency in the pursuit of its reform programme. The United Nations bodies and systems must be restructured to reflect new dynamics and geopolitical changes and to create hope for all at the beginning of the new millennium. We believe that our common global and regional problems cannot be resolved under the auspices of violence, terrorism, war and destruction; nor can they be resolved in a vacuum. The United Nations provides a forum and an avenue for fostering dialogue for peaceful resolution of disputes. An effective Security Council, we believe, should be representative of all subregions of the world. My Government also believes that the use of the veto power should be limited to Chapter VII issues, while the working methods and deliberations of the Council should be more transparent and democratic. Papua New Guinea’s development aspirations have been compromised by problems associated with the downturn in the global economy, the economic crisis within the Asia-Pacific region and natural disasters, over all of which we have little control. The Government has addressed these challenges through a comprehensive programme of structural adjustments. We have worked hard to make sure that these structural adjustments are made in the public sector in order to stimulate and expand growth in the private sector. The measures we have adopted have stabilized the economy. However, as we look into the future, we cannot but hope that the incidents of 11 September will not unduly affect our future recovery. Judging by the evidence of a downturn in the United States economy, it seems clear that every effort is required to make the International Conference on Financing for Development next year a success. We are grateful to the Friends of Papua New Guinea group, comprising Australia, Japan, the European Commission and China, among others, which have been generous in assisting our Government in its development efforts. The World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Asian Development Bank have also been very positive in their responses to our policies. My country has experienced an unfortunate and terrible conflict and has been trying to build mutual confidence and security by pursuing a progressive political settlement, including through restoration and development for the past four years in its Bougainville Province. We have utilized the Melanesian way of building consensus between all parties to the conflict. The consensus is now reflected in the Bougainville Peace Agreement, signed by the parties on 30 August this year. The Government is resolute in its desire to implement the Agreement. It has completed work on drafting amendments to our Constitution to provide for greater autonomy, a referendum and amnesty. Together with ongoing efforts to implement other aspects of the Agreement, the parties are expected to facilitate progress on weapons disposal and associated issues, such as reconciliation and the unification of political and administrative structures in Bougainville. A special session of Parliament will be been convened next week, on 22 November, to continue to debate the Agreement. Parliament will deliberate on the constitutional amendments on or soon after 14 December this year. We wish to place on record our deep appreciation to the United Nations, in particular Ambassador Noel Sinclair and his team on Bougainville, the United Nations Development Programme, the European Union, individual European Union members and the Governments of Australia, Fiji, Japan, New Zealand, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu for their continuing and constructive roles in Bougainville. It is also my pleasure to speak on behalf of the Bougainville parties and the Government to thank the Secretary-General and all members of the Security Council, past and present, for continuing to renew the mandate of the United Nations Political Office in Bougainville. We are confident that the Security Council will continue to provide all the assistance we need with respect to arms collection, storage and disposal. The process of decolonization will not be completed until the people of the remaining 17 Non- Self-Governing Territories have exercised their right to self-determination and/or achieved self-government. Papua New Guinea welcomes the cooperation of the Government of France with regard to the progress made in implementing the Nouméa Accords and setting in motion the eventual exercise of the right of self- determination by the people of New Caledonia, especially the indigenous Kanak people. 32 We acknowledge the full cooperation of the Government of New Zealand in the progress made so far with respect to the question of the Tokelau Islands. My Government notes the progress made in East Timor. We heartily welcome the announcement of 20 May 2002 as the day the people of East Timor will attain independence and nationhood. We look forward to welcoming them as a full Member of this family of nations. Papua New Guinea continues to urge the other administering Powers to cooperate with the Special Political and Decolonization Committee in implementing and completing its mandate soon. The future of each of the remaining Non-Self- Governing Territories can be assured only by a positive, constructive and, above all, transparent approach to developing a unique solution for each of them. The fifty-fourth session of the General Assembly established the Consultative Process on oceans to improve the coordination and management of the programmes associated with the use, development and protection of the oceans and seas. The Consultative Process has been successful in bringing to the fore, and focusing the attention of Member States on, a number of issues. The Pacific Islands Forum group includes small island developing States that are custodians of the largest ocean space. This ocean space is rich in natural and marine resources. However, the small island developing States of the region have limited human, financial and technological capacities to harvest, control, manage and secure these resources for the benefit of our current and future generations. It has been said that to divert the poor from the call of the evil, it is not enough to appeal to their stomachs only. Rather, one must appeal to their aspirations as well. We joined others having particular interest in the sustainable use and management of the fish stocks in our region to establish the Convention on the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean in September 2000. The next meeting of the signatories to this Convention will be held in Papua New Guinea early next year. We welcome Malta’s lodgement last Sunday of its instrument of ratification of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks. The Agreement, which will now come into force on 11 December 2001, called on States to cooperate to enhance the ability of developing States, in particular the least developed and small island developing States, to conserve and develop their own fisheries for such stocks. For all small island developing States in the Pacific, financing for development has to be linked to the development of their fisheries sector. In order to emphasize my point, I have provided some data on the last page of my written statement. The Assembly will note that the Central and Western Pacific fishery is valued in excess of $2.5 billion per annum, while the Pacific small island developing States earn an average of only $66 million per annum in licensing fees. For the small island developing States of the Pacific to attain sustainable growth and development, this situation has to change. Last year my delegation also welcomed the conclusion by the International Seabed Authority of the exploration code for seabed mining. Continuing work is to be undertaken with respect to a code for exploration for polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. Papua New Guinea has particular interest in polymetallic sulfides. My delegation would like to thank once again the Secretary-General of the International Seabed Authority, Ambassador Satya Nandan, for his report on the work of the Authority. We welcome the execution of contracts by pioneer investors and urge the remaining pioneer investor to follow suit as soon as possible. Papua New Guinea supports the principles contained in the Barbados Programme of Action and in Agenda 21 of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. We continue to support the principles contained in the Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. We once again stress the urgent need for developed countries to make a concerted effort to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. My delegation welcomes the achievements of part two of the sixth session of the Conference of the Parties to the climate change Convention, held at Bonn 33 last July, and the successful completion of the recent seventh session of the Conference, held at Marrakesh, Morocco. Another of the greatest challenges facing the United Nations is to strengthen the capacity of the global community to respond promptly and effectively to climate change and natural disaster. In 1997, Papua New Guinea experienced drought and frost caused by El Niño and in 1998 came the tsunami and the La Niña phenomenon, bringing floods and landslides and leaving death and destruction in their wake. We acknowledge the prompt and generous support of our neighbours in dealing with the effects of such disasters. Global warming has also brought increased numbers of cases of diseases such as malaria to the higher-altitude and most populous region of our country. The threat of increased incidence of malaria in that region is real, and could negatively affect the demographics of the country. There is definitely a link among climate change, natural disaster and the spread and increased incidence of disease. Nor is Papua New Guinea exempt from the HIV/ AIDS epidemic or from tuberculosis. We are grateful to Australia and to other partners which have provided assistance in that field of health care. We also welcome again last year’s announcement by the Japanese Government that it would set aside substantial financial resources for disease eradication programmes in developing countries. The forthcoming International Conference on Financing for Development and the World Summit for Sustainable Development must be platforms for launching new and innovative methods for realigning the policies of the Bretton Woods institutions so that they focus more on development and on the eradication of poverty. There must be a concerted effort to link new and innovative financial instruments to the delivery of specific outcome-oriented approaches. There must be flexibility in assisting developing countries, especially small island, landlocked and least developed countries. As I have said before, for the peoples of the Pacific islands to become meaningful participants in the globalization process, new financial instruments and mechanisms should be developed to facilitate the transfer of technological capacity and expertise in the fisheries sector. Papua New Guinea is committed to peaceful dialogue among nations and condemns those that employ terrorism against people or that finance, recruit or train terrorists or mercenaries. The barbaric acts of 11 September have been described in many ways. Some have called them horrendous, despicable and the work of evil-doers. The use of any adjective to describe the horror and the continuing threat to human security only adds to the esteem in which some hold the perpetrators. The use of qualifiers to describe the innocence of the deceased lends legitimacy to those acts and shields the nakedness of their wilful and wrongful nature. Papua New Guinea condemns the 11 September attacks on the United States and supports the ongoing campaign by the United States and its allies against terrorism. On behalf of the Government and the people of Papua New Guinea, I convey our heartfelt condolences to the immediate families and other relatives of all those who had their lives brutally taken away from them in New York, Washington, D.C., and Pennsylvania. My Government is committed to implementing Security Council resolution 1373 (2001) and is in the process of examining all existing conventions relating to terrorism with a view to acceding to them early next year. Papua New Guinea also notes the death several days ago of the political leader of the people of the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya, Mr. Theys Eluay, under questionable circumstances. As a neighbouring country which shares a common border with that province, Papua New Guinea is concerned about the likely spillover effect of new developments in the province. We urge Indonesia to undertake a thorough, impartial and transparent investigation into Mr. Eluay’s death, to make public the results and to bring to justice those responsible. My Government is committed to a stable, peaceful and environmentally safe world and therefore supports the objectives of the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty. We call on all that have nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction, including biological weapons, to stop testing, manufacturing and storing them, and furthermore to take steps to destroy them. We also support efforts to ban transboundary movements of radioactive and other hazardous wastes through the Pacific region. We call on those States that previously conducted nuclear-weapon tests or that have 34 discharged chemical or other non-degradable wastes in our subregion to adequately compensate and provide appropriate medical assistance to the scores of persons and families affected. Remedial action should be taken to clean up the damage done to the environment. Global and regional partnerships to promote change are the key to addressing the challenges that the world will face in the twenty-first century. Papua New Guinea believes that a challenge for Member States is to reshape the Organization so that it can serve as an effective tool for implementing our collective desire: to make the global village a better place for all.