First of all, I wish to congratulate Sheikha Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa on her election as President of the General Assembly at its sixty-first session. We are convinced that her vast experience in international relations and able leadership will lead this session to a successful conclusion. I would also like to pay tribute to her predecessor, Mr. Jan Eliasson, who led the last session of the General Assembly most ably and successfully. I would also like to take this opportunity to express our deep appreciation to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, whose stewardship of this Organization over the past 10 years has brought many positive and remarkable changes to the world body. His tireless and dedicated service to the international community will be indelibly etched in our collective memory. The reform of the United Nations to meet the new challenges of our times is an ongoing process that needs to be assessed continuously. While we have achieved tangible progress in some areas, such as the establishment of the Human Rights Council and the Peacebuilding Commission, progress has yet to be made in other areas. The success of the reform of the United Nations must be judged in terms of its effective response to the contemporary needs of Member States, in particular those of the developing countries, which form the majority of the membership. While many States, including the developing countries, struggle to protect and advance the principles and practices of multilateralism, the tendency towards unilateralism remains strong. That unhealthy tendency can in no way gain ascendancy if the United Nations is to remain viable. Attempts by some strong and powerful States to impose their will on developing countries in pursuit of their political agenda create an environment of hostility in the international community. To our dismay and frustration, there has been glaring abuse of the mandate 06-53615 10 entrusted to the Security Council by Member States by unjustly placing the situation of my country on the agenda of the Security Council and by alleging that it poses a threat to regional peace and security. Nothing could be further from the truth. Myanmar has done nothing that can undermine the peace and security of any country, let alone regional or international peace and security. Myanmar has close and cordial relations with all its five neighbours and other countries in the region. The founders of the United Nations did not intend the world body to become a forum in which some Members with political and economic clout could gang up against a Member State and label it as what it is not. We therefore urge all Member States to resist attempts by those powerful States to influence the Security Council to take action against a Member State that in no way poses any threat to international peace and security. Regarding Security Council reform, Myanmar is in favour of the expansion of the Security Council in both the permanent and non-permanent categories. The expanded Security Council must also reflect today’s political and economic realities. However, the fact that we have not made substantial progress on the expansion of the Council demonstrates the sensitive and complex nature of the issue. It is extremely important that this issue not become divisive among the United Nations membership. Dialogue and consultations must continue to seek a solution acceptable to the overwhelming majority of the membership. It is encouraging that the first session of the Human Rights Council was successfully held in Geneva in June and that the Council is now working in full swing to quickly become an effectively functioning human rights body. Myanmar’s active participation at the highest level in that session is a reflection of our commitment to further strengthening the United Nations human rights machinery. It is, however, important that the principle of impartiality, objectivity and non-selectivity be scrupulously observed in the work of the Council. Although we want the Council to become an effective tool in the strengthening of the United Nations human rights machinery, we are not giving it carte blanche. It is through the observation of the aforementioned principles — through dialogue, cooperation and non- politicization of human rights issues — that the Council is to function. It is incumbent not only on the members of the Council, but also on all of us, to ensure that the Council does not deviate from the direction in which we expect it to head. Terrorism continues to defy the attempts of the international community to eliminate it, raising its ugly head again in Mumbai and elsewhere very recently. We are of the view that it is only through the involvement of every community of people that we can be forewarned in time of the impending onslaught of terrorist acts. Myanmar fully supports the international efforts to eliminate terrorism. A daunting challenge facing the international community is the horrendous crime of human trafficking, which the Secretary-General aptly refers to as one of the most reprehensible violations of human rights. Despite the efforts of the international community to tackle that issue over the past decade, it continues to grow, with serious national and international implications for the Governments concerned. Human trafficking is a serious international issue and we believe that it requires a coordinated and cooperative response by the entire international community to address the issue. Myanmar is a State party to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its supplementary Protocols to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children and against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air. I would like to stress that Myanmar regards combating trafficking in persons as a national task. We are making relentless efforts in that regard. Myanmar has designated HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis as diseases of national concern. In 1989, we set up a high-level multisectoral national AIDS committee. We have been cooperating with the United Nations and, in 2001, our national AIDS programme and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) drew up a joint programme of action covering education, prevention, cure and rehabilitation to effectively address the challenge. As a result, we have been able not only to level the HIV/AIDS infection rate, but to reduce it. We are also serving on the UNAIDS Programme Coordinating Board, enabling us to address the issue at both the national and international levels. 11 06-53615 Narcotic drugs continue to be one of the threats facing us today. As the Government of Myanmar regards the eradication of narcotic drugs as a national responsibility, it has striven relentlessly to eradicate such drugs by 2014. Our determined efforts on all fronts have resulted in a substantial decrease in opium production. I would like to reiterate here that Myanmar will step up its efforts, in close cooperation with friendly countries and international organizations, until we achieve our goal. Cooperation with the United Nations is a cornerstone of Myanmar’s foreign policy. Our track record has proven that Myanmar has invariably extended its cooperation to the United Nations. Myanmar has been implementing a national development plan with the aim of accelerating growth, achieving equitable and balanced development, and reducing the socio-economic development gap between rural and urban areas of the country. The national development plan addresses the major aspects of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). We have made significant progress towards achieving the MDGs by 2015, particularly in such areas as health, education, sustainable access to safe drinking water, and access to improved sanitation. In implementing the MDGs, we are primarily relying on our national resources. In that regard, we are also receiving valuable assistance and cooperation from the United Nations agencies concerned. Finally, I wish to apprise the Assembly of the political developments in my country. We have been steadfastly implementing the seven-step road map for transition to democracy, announced in August 2003. The National Convention, which was adjourned on 31 January 2006, will resume its session on 10 October and continue to discuss the basic principles for the drafting of an enduring constitution. I wish to stress that the process of transforming the country into a democratic State will move ahead systematically in accordance with the road map. Before concluding, I would like to reaffirm our commitment to working together in upholding the principles enunciated in the Charter of the United Nations and in strengthening the role of the United Nations to respond to the challenges of the twenty-first century.