It is indeed an honour for me to express to you, Madam, sincere congratulations on behalf of the Government and the people of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago on your election to the presidency of the General Assembly at its sixty-first session. Your appointment as the third woman ever to hold that esteemed position is of special significance and must be duly recognized. Trinidad and Tobago is convinced that your extensive experience in multilateral diplomacy and your international legal expertise adequately equip you to guide the work of the Assembly to a successful conclusion. We also take this opportunity to welcome most warmly the Republic of Montenegro as the 192nd Member of the United Nations and to wish its people and its Government continued peace, stability and prosperity. We would also like to recognize the astute and efficient leadership of the President of the General Assembly at its sixtieth session, Mr. Jan Eliasson of Sweden, who efficiently, dispassionately and with subtle dexterity discharged the mandate of follow-up entrusted to the sixtieth session by our leaders at the 2005 World Summit, getting us past hurdles that challenged to the core the working methods of the Assembly. His efforts also enabled the international community to create two crucial new international institutions — the Human Rights Council and the Peacebuilding Commission — as part of the ongoing reform of the United Nations. Trinidad and Tobago is hopeful that the Human Rights Council will be an effective instrument for the defence and promotion of human rights worldwide, denouncing without fear or favour gross violations of human rights and seeking, through dialogue and cooperation, to bring about full compliance with internationally accepted norms related to universal fundamental human rights and freedoms. Institutional support for countries in transition from the post-conflict phase to that of sustainable development is a sine qua non for the success of efforts to restore peace and normalcy. It is in that context that Trinidad and Tobago views the indispensable role to be played by the Peacebuilding Commission in those countries that have been traumatized by years of internal strife. His Excellency Mr. Kofi Annan is a very special friend of Trinidad and Tobago — and, might I confide, especially of Tobago. It is thus with mixed emotions that we bid him farewell at this session. Over the course of his tenure, our seemingly unassuming Secretary-General has steered the vessel that is the Organization with an abundance of skill and with clarity of vision, keeping it on an even keel as it has traversed one of the most turbulent periods in its 06-53952 28 history. He has been a champion of principle, a spokesman for international justice and the staunchest defender of all that the Organization stands for and to which all of our countries subscribe. There is so much that the Secretary-General has done that history will record. For us, it suffices that he has been the beacon that has kept the United Nations ideal alive during these difficult times. The role of the Secretary-General in the twenty- first century is no longer that of a mere chief administrative officer — burdensome as that role may be — but one that requires profound knowledge of the dynamics of current inter-State relations. Trinidad and Tobago is hopeful, therefore, that as we elect a successor to Secretary-General Kofi Annan, the Security Council will recommend to the General Assembly a person whose diplomatic skills are highly regarded, whose leadership abilities are well recognized and who will be able to maintain an excellent working relationship with all Member States and enjoy the confidence of the five permanent members of the Security Council, thereby facilitating decisive and timely actions by the Organization when they are most urgently needed. However, the functions of the Secretary-General can be carried out effectively only with the firm support of the entire international community. It is therefore vital that the process through which the chosen candidate will emerge be as inclusive and transparent as possible and that it remain faithful to the principles and procedures enshrined in the Charter as they relate to his or her appointment. The international community continues to grapple with the absence of realistic and pragmatic solutions to many longstanding global problems. A just and lasting peace in the Middle East continues to elude us, and the humanitarian situation of the Palestinian people continues to worsen daily in view of the economic and financial stranglehold placed on their economy following the assumption of power by democratic means of the political grouping of their choice. We urge the major political parties in the Palestinian territories to find common ground that would satisfy the aspirations of the Palestinian people, who for generations have longed to exercise their inalienable right to self-determination and independence. Peace and security in the Middle East also remain threatened by conflicts of a more recent vintage. The use of force disproportionate to the threat at hand, as in the recent cases of Gaza and Lebanon, has also had the effect of increasing the suffering of the civilian populations concerned and of destroying vital national infrastructure, and has served only to increase bitterness and hatred among those populations and to inspire resort to extremism. Trinidad and Tobago also views with growing alarm the deteriorating humanitarian situation in the Darfur region of the Sudan and calls upon the international community to exercise its responsibility to protect the people of Darfur. The international community has a fundamental legal and moral obligation to act in cases of egregious violations of human rights such as this. It is incumbent on us to institute immediate measures to provide security and alleviate the suffering. We must also bring to justice at the International Criminal Court (ICC) those responsible for the crimes against humanity committed in Darfur. Trinidad and Tobago exhorts the Government in Khartoum to accept the presence of a United Nations- mandated peacekeeping force that would enhance the capacity to monitor the Darfur Peace Agreement. Such a force could also provide the necessary security for the hundreds of thousands of internally displaced persons living in makeshift camps and for the return of refugees from neighbouring Chad, and would facilitate the provision of humanitarian assistance. On another front, Trinidad and Tobago applauds the efforts of the International Criminal Court and welcomes with satisfaction the progress made to bring to justice the perpetrators of the heinous crimes committed against the peoples of Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trinidad and Tobago views universal adherence to the ICC as integral to entrenching the rule of law in the conduct of international relations, and as yet another pillar of the promotion of international peace and security. We again urge States Members of this Organization that are not yet party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court to consider acceding to that instrument as soon as possible. The well-being of peoples the world over is threatened not only by violations of international humanitarian and human rights law, but also by individual and collective acts of terrorism which the Government of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago 29 06-53952 resolutely condemns. We are, indeed, hopeful that the recent adoption by the Assembly of the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy will lead to a holistic and integral approach to a phenomenon that threatens the internal peace and security of States in virtually all regions of the globe. It is also our sincere hope that this body will, in the near future, conclude its deliberations on a comprehensive international convention against terrorism that would provide a legal framework for combating that scourge — a framework acceptable to all nations. It has become something of a cliché to say that there will be no peace and security in the world without development and, conversely, no development without security. It was therefore with a degree of concern that we witnessed the near-total relegation to secondary status of the development dimension of the international agenda at the 2005 millennium review Summit. Some degree of relief was provided subsequently when, after long and arduous negotiations, we were able to agree on a development resolution that sought — on the basis of a global partnership, among other things — to operationalize and implement the development commitments made at the major summits in the economic, social and related fields. That resolution also provided for monitoring mechanisms to follow up on the commitments of the Bretton Woods institutions and the World Trade Organization. Trinidad and Tobago is hopeful that the commitments to the achievement of those international development objectives, as set out in that resolution, will be honoured and will not be the subject of renegotiation at the next review. Global peace and security are also threatened by the failure of the international community to bring about the necessary structural changes in the fields of international trade and in economic and financial relations. Like most developing countries, Trinidad and Tobago is painfully aware of the significant imbalances that have been having an adverse impact on developing economies. The current suspension of the Doha trade negotiations, and the delay in the resumption of those talks, are consequently of particular concern to us, given the outward-looking orientation of our economy and the fact that the most basic tenet of our trade policy relates to increased market access for the export of our goods and services. Trinidad and Tobago therefore joins with other small vulnerable economies in calling for a process that would accelerate the recommencement of negotiations, while ensuring that adequate treatment is afforded to the development dimension. It is crucial that global trade rules be enhanced in recognition of the need for treatment to be accorded to small, vulnerable economies that takes their special circumstances into consideration and allows them to participate in world trade in a manner commensurate with their national capacity to do so. Even as our economies grapple with the systemic imbalances in the international trading system at home, Trinidad and Tobago, like many other Caribbean countries, faces social challenges that have global implications. One such challenge manifests itself in the increasing resort to gun violence by our young people and by others engaged in the nefarious drug trade. The countries of the Caribbean region are not producers of small arms and light weapons, yet small arms are increasingly visible in our societies and raise the fatality levels resulting from the commission of many serious crimes. Much of the illicit trade in firearms and related activity in our Caribbean region is linked to the illicit traffic in drugs. Yet international cooperation — essential to help us stem the flow of illicit drugs through our countries, which are already recognized as key transit States — is not forthcoming from our development partners. Trinidad and Tobago accordingly urges the international community to provide the necessary resources to bolster Caribbean regional efforts aimed at interdicting drug shipments and putting an end to the flow of illicit firearms, which negatively and profoundly affect the security and development of the region. It is well known that the living standards suggested by positive economic indicators are of little consequence if the basic security and sense of well- being of the individual is under threat. Similarly, the failure by the international community earlier this year at the Review Conference to reach broad agreement on additional measures to further implement the 2001 United Nations Programme of Action on Small Arms has been a source of disappointment to Trinidad and Tobago. We are heartened, however, that within the international community a broad understanding appears to be emerging regarding the utility of an international 06-53952 30 legally binding instrument to govern the international arms trade. Trinidad and Tobago therefore strongly endorses the call by some States for the conclusion of such an instrument. We are also of the view that until such a treaty becomes a reality, it is imperative that the major producers and exporters of small arms and light weapons establish comprehensive export controls in order to ensure that such weapons are not diverted into the illicit trade. Trinidad and Tobago’s approach to development places primary focus on enhancing the living standards and sense of well-being of the individual. Thus, even as we address major problems of a global nature, we should not forget those among us who face greater challenges in realizing their full potential. The international community has recently become increasingly sensitized to the difficulties faced in almost all spheres of activity by persons with disabilities, and during the sixtieth session of the General Assembly, we successfully negotiated a draft convention on the promotion and protection of the rights of persons with disabilities. Trinidad and Tobago joined in the adoption by consensus of the final negotiated text, and looks forward to its formal adoption by the Assembly and its subsequent opening for signature. We have in the interim developed, and are in the process of implementing, a national policy on persons with disabilities. Another area that cries out for timely and decisive action by the international community is that of the environment. Our planet today continues to be ravaged by patterns of production and consumption that gravely threaten its sustainability and give rise to phenomena whose management consumes the already stretched energies and resources of small island developing States in particular. The challenges to those countries posed by such phenomena as climate change and sea-level rise, as well as the effort and resources necessary to recover from adverse seasonal weather patterns, add another dimension to the challenges that they already face in the area of economic and social development. Trinidad and Tobago invokes that same spirit of partnership of the international community to work towards the full implementation of the Mauritius Strategy, that being the framework for the collective development of this vulnerable grouping. In the midst of such daunting challenges, the littoral States of the Caribbean are faced with the constant threat of a maritime casualty resulting from the shipment of radioactive or other hazardous wastes through the Caribbean Sea. Such an occurrence could create the potential for an environmental disaster for all countries along the Caribbean coastline, but, in particular, it would threaten the economic well-being and livelihood of the many small island developing States of the Caribbean that depend on this fragile ecosystem. Trinidad and Tobago is of the view that the integrated management approach of the recently conceived Caribbean Sea Initiative will be critical to advancing the development goals of the member States of the Caribbean and uses this opportunity to seek the support of all United Nations Member States for the Initiative, which seeks to ensure that the Caribbean Sea is recognized by the United Nations as a special area in the context of sustainable development. Trinidad and Tobago is committed to the partnership approach in all areas of international interaction, be it for sustainable development, peace and security, human rights or humanitarian assistance. It is a position that informs a fierce defence of multilateralism in full recognition of the benefits of collective action and of the responsibility of each country to assist when in a position to do so within the limits of its resources. This thinking underlies the actions taken by Trinidad and Tobago in respect of the provision of economic and humanitarian assistance, both institutionally as well as directly, to countries in our region and to those further afield. It is in this context that Trinidad and Tobago pledges its full support for the economic and social development of the Republic of Haiti in its return to constitutional governance, which has led to its readmission into the Caribbean Community Council and calls for the release of all donor funds that have already been pledged. The history of Haiti is of special significance in the struggle for independence in the Caribbean and is linked to other historical developments more international in scope. One such development was the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade, the 200th anniversary of which will be marked in 2007. The slave trade has had long-term effects on the social and economic development of parts of Africa that are still being felt today. 31 06-53952 Nor were we in the Caribbean spared the effects of the slave trade, and we are of the view that any call on the international community to mark this occasion should go beyond the need merely to reflect on the atrocities committed during this perverse period of our history. Trinidad and Tobago thus lends its support to the call made by countries of the African diaspora in the Caribbean and elsewhere for the commemoration by the United Nations in 2007 of the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. The United Nations is central to any resolution of the problems with which the international community is confronted in today’s world. It is only by having a strong United Nations, fully resourced by its Member Governments and imbued with the necessary political will, that we will be able to tackle these problems and provide this generation and succeeding generations with a life of dignity and free from daily degradation of the human spirit. We seek a life in peace and security and free from the ravages of war, lived in good economic and social conditions, without poverty, illiteracy, hunger or disease. This historical moment requires bold initiatives on the part of the General Assembly President, who, in tandem with the new Secretary-General, is called upon to provide the vision, courage and strength of conviction necessary to carry the United Nations forward along the path to confronting the myriad challenges facing the Organization in today’s world. We are confident that they will both be up to the task.