1. Madam President, the Yemen Arab Republic delegation wishes to offer you its warmest congratulations on the confidence expressed in you by the Member States of the United Nations in electing you to the Presidency of the General Assembly at its twenty-fourth session. My delegation also wishes to pay tribute to the late President of the General Assembly at its twenty-third session, Mr. Arenales, who presided over that session with great tact and ability. 2. Yemen has just emerged from a great struggle to establish and preserve its national goals: freedom, peace and government by consent. Yemen had to pay a high price for the realization of those aims. Not only did the Yemeni people have to cope with local and indigenous difficulties but they also had to face foreign interventions, which cost the country tens of thousands of lives and shook the moral foundations of the whole nation. In spite of these overwhelming difficulties, the Yemeni people were able to gain their freedom, bring peace to the land and re-establish their age-old tradition of democracy, by electing a national assembly which in turn appoints the Government. 3. Historically, Yemen has contributed substantially to the cultural heritage of mankind. A few thousand years before Christ, civilization thrived in that part of the world. The legendary Queen of Sheba, whose real name was Belquis, was only one of the numerous Yemeni monarchs ruling over that period of history when Yemen led the world in irrigation, dam construction, skyscraper building, mining and smelting and in numerous other fields of civilization. 4. Now that peace and security have been achieved, the Government of Yemen is faced with the task of reconstruction. It is striving to bring about widespread and basic changes in the structure of society. Schools for both sexes, women’s societies and athletic and cultural clubs are being widely constructed, subsidized and encouraged. Great efforts are being made for the construction of roads, school buildings and small and medium-sized factories, with the use of locally available materials. 5. In these and in various other fields, co-operation with friendly nations and the assistance of various United Nations agencies have been essential and important factors. This is a practical manifestation of international goodwill and understanding. It is our conviction that peace and friendship between nations could be well served by such practical co-operation in the various fields of development. 6. It is gratifying to note that, particularly during the past two years, the Government of the Yemen Arab Republic has stood firmly by the principles of the Yemeni revolution, in itself a human attempt to restore and preserve the dignity of man in its comprehensive and complete sense. It is an established fact that a democratic form of government based on popular choice now exists in the Yemen Arab Republic. Since November 1967, Yemen has been rid of all the dictatorial diseases. Political persecution, arrest without warrant, imprisonment without trial, torture and all the practices of a police State are regarded by the Yemeni people with horror and contempt. 7. The experiences the Yemeni people have endured during the past seven years have been engraved on the mind and in the heart of every individual citizen in the country. These were very cruel experiences but, on the other hand, they were extremely useful and revealing.In fact the Yemeni people look back with awe on the past seven years while still cherishing the historical lessons gained. They are therefore determined to keep the memory of such experiences alive for generations to come. 8. The Yemeni people are now more than ever convinced that peace in this world can be established only if nations respect each other’s sovereignty and refrain from interfering in each other’s internal affairs. They are prepared to defend and preserve their freedom, whether internally or internationally. They also recognize that nations of the world have every right to complete and true independence as well as the right to adopt the form of government they choose. In accordance with these principles, the Yemen Arab Republic maintains relations with all countries of the world, regardless of their social systems or forms of government. 9. The United Nations was established to further world peace and security, to protect and preserve the rights and freedom of mankind, to work for the elimination of colonialism in its various forms, for the liberation of peoples still ruled by colonial Powers, for the eradication of racialism and for the settlement by negotiation of world problems and differences. 10. Small nations place great hopes in this Organization and though the United Nations and its various agencies have realized great achievements, those hopes have been greatly disappointed because this Organization has not been effective in quelling aggression or punishing and isolating the aggressor. That is clearly manifest in the case of the Israeli aggression against the Palestinian and other Arab peoples. 11. When we consider the United Nations Charter, which embodies those noble aims and principles, we cannot fail to realize that those principles are constantly being violated by Israel, which has shown that it has neither respect for the Charter nor any regard for the world community. Israel was established at the expense of the indigenous people of Palestine. Not only did the Israelis usurp the land, houses and property of the Palestinian people but they also conducted an aggressive and expansionist campaign against the neighbouring Arab countries. 12. History has shown that no matter how long colonialist Powers occupy and exploit usurped lands, the rightful people always regain their land and their freedom. The Palestinians are now conducting a war of liberation against the Israeli colonists. The struggle will be bitter and long, but right will triumph as it has triumphed in other parts of the world where, under popular pressure, colonialists have had to evacuate the occupied countries. 13. Viet-Nam is another area where world peace and security are endangered by the presence of foreign troops which continue to be the major obstacle to a just and honourable settlement of this problem. We support the legitimate rights of the Viet-Namese people for self-determination in accordance with the principles outlined in the United Nations Charter. Therefore, we call for the immediate withdrawal of foreign troops from Viet-Nam so that the Viet-Namese people may practise their right of self-determination. 14. The racial régimes of South Africa, Rhodesia, and some colonial Powers in other parts of Africa are practising the most detestable policy of racial discrimination against the people of Africa. The United Nations has condemned racial discrimination, but has been unable to persuade those racial régimes to abandon their inhuman practices. 15. It is also sadly disappointing that this Organization has failed to restore the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China with regard to membership in the United Nations. It is doubly disappointing to see it continue to ignore the rights of a great people and a great country with more than one sixth of the world population. The persistence of this odd and irrational situation is in itself an infringement of the principles and provisions of the United Nations Charter. It is an ideal manifestation of self-contradiction. The time has come for all nations of the world to free this Organization from this self-contradictory situation by inviting the People’s Republic of China to participate in the activities of the United Nations.