I congratulate you, Mr. President, on your election to preside over the General Assembly at its sixty-third session. You may remain assured of the full support and cooperation of the Nigerian delegation as you guide our deliberations. May I also express appreciation to your predecessor for the able manner in which he presided over the work of the Assembly’s sixty-second session. In his address to this Assembly last year (see A/62/PV.7), the Nigerian President reaffirmed the determination of Nigeria to remain a stable and prosperous nation, anchored on the enduring principles of democracy, good governance, free enterprise, the rule of law and respect for fundamental human rights. In pursuit of those objectives, we have raised the bar on bold political, economic and social reforms aimed at making our economy more investment friendly and our democracy more inclusive. We continue to count on the support and understanding of the international community, especially our development partners, as we accelerate measures to enhance the overall capacity of the Nigerian State. A strong, safe and prosperous Nigeria means a dependable contributor not only to regional stability and well-being, but to the emergent global ethics so crucial for the survival of humanity. From the very beginning of our nationhood, our foreign policy has been tethered to a responsible and proactive role in the United Nations and its commitments everywhere. Thus, we never hesitated to respond unconditionally to demands for sacrifices whenever and wherever duty called, whether in the Congo, Sierra Leone, Liberia or now in Darfur, and in the next few months, in Somalia. Nigeria is as safe as the rest of the world. That for us is the true meaning of global solidarity and the sense of equal partnership that informed the vision of the founding fathers of this Organization. It is against that background that we raise before the Assembly the concern and plight of many developing countries, especially in Africa, suffering from the devastating consequences of the illicit trade in small arms and light weapons. Most of the civil wars and insurgencies in those countries have been carried out with such weapons, and because of their lethality and ready deployment, they may be described as Africa’s own experience of weapons of mass destruction. We remain convinced that the best and most effective strategy to achieve the goal of preventing, combating and eradicating that illicit and deadly trade is through the elaboration of a legally binding global instrument, as well as the political will on the part of all to stem the uncontrolled proliferation of small arms. Therefore, urgent action is needed to criminalize oil bunkering, the sale of oil so acquired and the use of its proceeds to fuel new crisis situations in Africa, especially in the Gulf of Guinea, through the proliferation of small arms and light weapons. The same creativity and political will that was demonstrated in confronting blood diamonds as a source of regional instability must be available at this time in dealing with the blood oil that now threatens the Gulf. Nigeria has made enormous sacrifices on behalf of peace in Darfur. Over the years we have maintained peacekeeping troops in the region, first, under the ambit of the African Union and now under the African Union-United Nations hybrid peacekeeping force. We call on the international community to take bold and robust steps that would lead to the full deployment and operationalization of that force. In the same vein, we call on the Government of the Sudan to take steps that will facilitate the attainment of this objective. Midway towards the target year of 2015, it has become evident that the lofty Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) might not be attained by many countries. This much is clear from the outcome of the High-level event on the MDGs that took place in the margins of this session on 25 September 2008. Mindful of the importance of these Goals for our development, Nigeria is determined to do everything to ensure their realization. In this connection, we commend the efforts of the Secretary-General in creating the Millennium Development Goals Africa Steering Group to map out strategies for African countries to achieve the targets. It is time to urge, with the directness that these challenging times demand, evidence of a more manifest will on the part of the international 08-53141 10 community, especially our development partners, to really assist Africa to join the rest of the global success story. Around this issue, the Nigerian delegation is looking at ten such indicators. The first is the critical need for a big infrastructure push, especially in energy and transportation, without which nothing else is possible on the continent. Secondly, the food crisis in Africa must be addressed by redressing the trilogy of fertilizer imbalance between Africa and other regions of the world, removing food subsides in the developed economies, and transferring relevant technology for food production and food processing. Thirdly, the Doha Round of trade negotiations must be revived. Fourthly, massive investment in information technology and higher education is needed to spur development of Africa. Fifthly, strategies must be devised with African Governments on how to transform the continent’s current brain drain into brain gain. Sixthly, a global commitment to stem the flow of small arms and light weapons into Africa is needed. Seventh, national Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative projects in Africa must be encouraged and supported. Eighth, there should be Security Council reforms that accord Africa permanent membership in the Council. That would ensure African ownership of its responses, since over 60 per cent of issues addressed by the Council are African. Ninth, attention should be paid to development of clean energy technology and alternative sources of energy to avert the looming disaster of climate change for a continent that is already very vulnerable. Tenth, we need a breakthrough in the malaria vaccine, together with greater sustained support for the fight against the HIV/AIDS pandemic, two major impediments to reaching our potential in Africa. The recent steep rise in global food prices has presented us with a monumental challenge and the global embarrassment of compounds of misery sharing increasingly crowded space with compounds of affluence in our global village. It is unacceptable that, despite technological advancements and resources unimaginable two decades ago, children still die of hunger and malnutrition. How can one say that the genius that permits us to make living in outer space feasible looks the other way when over 1 billion people in the world are going to bed hungry and more than 6 million children are dying each year of hunger and malnutrition? This problem deserves the full attention of this Assembly. The right to food for all must be pursued with renewed vigour. Nigeria condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. We reaffirm our support for the counter-terrorism measures of the Security Council and the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. We have also been implementing the four pillars of the Global Strategy through measures that have proven effective in combating terrorism. For us, the fight against terrorism is strongly anchored in the rule of law and respect for human rights. As we combat this scourge, it is important that, fundamental freedoms and human rights are neither compromised nor abused. The United Nations must not relent in its pursuit of the goal of a world in which all nations and peoples live in freedom and dignity and in which all political, economic, social, cultural and human rights are fully guaranteed. Our active participation in the activities of the Human Rights Council and the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights is evidence of that commitment. In our subregion, we are concerned, that drug cartels, often based outside the region, are now targeting West Africa as a transit route for the movement of illicit drugs to other regions. The activities of those drug cartels constitute a serious impediment to development in the subregion. The world must pay adequate attention to this growing problem. Let me reiterate Nigeria’s unwavering support for the United Nations and its objectives and purposes. We are convinced that the Organization remains the most viable platform for consultations, consensus-building and action on the global challenges that we presently face. Mankind has not developed any better substitute. Nigeria believes in the pacific settlement of disputes and peaceful coexistence with our neighbours. We showed that when, on 14 August 2008, Nigeria, in full compliance with the ruling of the International Court of Justice, lowered its flag for the last time by withdrawing from the Bakassi Peninsula. For that singular act of statesmanship, Nigeria has justifiably received the commendation of the international community. Our action accords with our long-standing tradition as a nation that honours its commitments. We believe that if we all, in concert, stand up for these shared values and purposes, our Organization and our world will be a much better place. 11 08-53141 This can, and should be a General Assembly like no other, for the crises that face us now have few precedents in scope and complexity. What is required is a new posture to move from data to determination, from rhetoric to results and from words to wisdom. Our many noble visions must begin to somehow find more vigorous forms of expression. A world so greatly challenged must also be a world so much more capable of imagination and boldness. The platform for such boldness and such imagination is here, in this venerable institution founded 63 years ago on the pillars of peace, justice and freedom for all. Let us never forget the timeless words of the internationalist and Nobel Laureate who warned that to deal with the problems that we have created, we need to move unto a higher order of thinking than the one with which we created them. The time to do so is now, for the clock of humanity is ticking very fast. Our existential challenge did not end with the cold war; indeed, it has just started.