On behalf of the Government and the people of South Africa, I wish to extend our sincere congratulations to Ambassador Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser on his election as President of the General Assembly. We wish him a successful tenure in the stewardship of this body and assure him of our delegation’s full support. We also congratulate his predecessor, Mr. Joseph Deiss, for the diligent manner in which he guided the work of the Assembly at its sixty-fifth session. I would further like to take this opportunity to congratulate Mr. Ban Ki-moon on his re-appointment as Secretary-General. It is also an honour for South Africa to welcome the Republic of South Sudan to the community of nations as the 193rd State Member of the United Nations. This month, the United States and the world marked the tenth anniversary of the horrendous terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, which affected the United States and 89 other countries. That horrific incident united the international community and strengthened its resolve to cooperate in the fight against terrorism. We pay our respects to the victims of the tragedy and their families. We reaffirm our commitment to working with other Member States to eradicate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. The theme of this session — “The role of mediation in the settlement of disputes by peaceful means” — is timely and well chosen. The Charter of the United Nations mandates the Organization to utilize mediation as one of the tools to prevent and resolve conflicts across the globe. The role of mediation as a tool for the settlement of disputes has renewed relevance today, given the number of conflicts in the world. We should defend the independence and impartiality of the United Nations and promote the principles of its Charter during conflicts and crises. The United Nations should never take sides in any conflict but should always maintain its impartiality. The United Nations must not allow itself to be used by any country, regardless of its history or size. All citizens of the world should feel confident and secure in the knowledge that the United Nations is above all partisan interests and serves only those of the citizens of the globe. We are of the view that regional organizations play a crucial role in the resolution of conflicts and in regional mediation processes. The Charter of the United Nations itself provides for the role of regional organizations in cooperation with the United Nations. This role of the regions must always be enforced and enhanced, and not undermined. In our continent, the African Union (AU) continues to play a significant role in mediation and the resolution of conflicts, trying at 23 11-50702 all times to produce African solutions to African problems, of course with the support of the world. This year, the world witnessed the so-called Arab Spring in North Africa and the Middle East. With regard to the situation in Libya, the AU played a crucial role in seeking a peaceful solution to the crisis, in line with its mandate of working for peace and stability in the continent. However, it is a matter of record now that the AU efforts were never given a chance. Military actions were preferred over peaceful means. Nonetheless, the AU continues to be seized with the Libyan conflict, as it should be. South Africa, through the AU and the United Nations, will work with the National Transitional Council, the representative of the Libyan people, as it proceeds to form an inclusive transitional Government that will take the Libyan seat in the African Union. During this period of working towards normalcy in Libya, we call for a cessation of hostilities and an end to the NATO aerial bombardment. We also call for the lifting of the no-fly zone, whose imposition was necessary for the protection of civilians. The proliferation of arms in Libya is a major concern. The transitional Government will need to be supported in addressing this security issue. It may pose a serious challenge affecting the entire subregion if it is not adequately attended to. We also urge the new Libyan authorities to ensure the protection of migrant workers, especially those from sub-Saharan African countries, who number approximately 2.5 million. Immediate measures should be taken to put an end to the killing, arbitrary arrest and detention of migrant workers and black Libyans. We will fully support the people of Libya as they go through the transition towards a new, united and democratic Libya that protects human rights, human dignity and freedom. South Africa continues to support international efforts to assist the people of Palestine and Israel to find lasting peace. The decades-old struggle of the Palestinian people for a sovereign State of their own has now reached a turning point. The Palestinian Authority, backed by the League of Arab States, has stated its intention to seek United Nations membership for the State of Palestine. South Africa fully supports this position. It is a decisive step towards achieving lasting peace, economic cooperation and prosperity for the millions of people in the Middle East, and we urge that it be viewed favourably. We also support the ongoing struggle for self- determination of the people of Western Sahara. We urge the international community to support their quest for freedom, human rights and dignity. We reiterate our call for the lifting of the economic and financial embargo against the people of Cuba in order to help them gain their economic freedom. All Member States have a duty to safeguard the future and relevance of the United Nations. Recent international developments have made more urgent our efforts to intensify the reform agenda of the United Nations, particularly the Security Council, as well as the Bretton Woods institutions. No reform can be complete without the substantive reform of the Security Council, whose membership must be consistent with the principle of equitable geographical representation. In this regard, we reiterate our call for Africa to be represented in the category of permanent membership of the Security Council. South Africa is preparing to welcome the international community and all stakeholders to the seventeenth session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and to the seventh Meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, in November and December this year. The success of the Conference is highly dependent on the willingness of all parties to reach an agreement. It does not depend on South Africa alone. As leaders, we are accountable to the global citizenry, the ordinary people that suffer daily from the impacts of climate change. They hold high expectations of their leaders to be responsible and to find effective solutions to the threat that climate change poses to their livelihood, quality of life, dignity and, in many cases, their very survival. We dare not fail them. We are witnessing the catastrophic effects of famine in Somalia and neighbouring countries. Our response should not be left to the United Nations alone; it requires united action from all of us. South Africa has been humbled to contribute in a small way to the alleviation of human suffering. The people of Somalia still need more support, and we urge the world to focus its attention more sharply on Somalia and its neighbours in the Horn of Africa. 11-50702 24 It is commendable that the Millennium Development Goals and their realization by 2015 continue to feature on the agenda of the General Assembly. We now have four years to go before we reach the target date. It is clear that many of the Goals will not be attained on time, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. We call on the international community and the United Nations to redouble efforts to assist countries that are lagging. At this session, we will be commemorating the tenth anniversary of the adoption of the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action — the outcome document of the World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, which was held in Durban in 2001. Racism and racial discrimination continue to pose a challenge to humankind and to negate the principles of the Charter of the United Nations. We should continue to work together to eradicate the scourge of racism. On 8 January 2012, the African National Congress (ANC), the oldest liberation movement in Africa, will mark 100 years of existence since its establishment in 1912. The ANC spearheaded the struggle against racial oppression, colonialism and apartheid in South Africa. It inspired many in the African continent to fight for their freedom and independence from colonialism. The United Nations declared apartheid a crime against humanity and in that way endorsed the struggle against racial oppression in our country. The centenary of the ANC recognizes the immense contribution of the United Nations and the international community in working to eradicate racism and racial discrimination in the world. We will, tomorrow, host a symposium on South Africa’s contribution to the fight against racism and racial discrimination. Working together, let us remain committed to multilateralism and cooperation in this session of the General Assembly and beyond, and promote the realization of a more equitable and just world.