I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate you, Sir, on your election as President of the General Assembly at its sixty-sixth session. I have no doubt that, under your able leadership, the Assembly will be able to complete its 31 11-51670 deliberations and proceedings successfully. In that respect, I wish to assure you of Malaysia’s full support for your presidency. Permit me also to congratulate His Excellency Mr. Ban Ki-moon on his reappointment as Secretary-General. The theme you have chosen for the general debate, “The role of mediation in the settlement of disputes by peaceful means”, is apt, fitting and timely. Indeed, the United Nations itself was established as an instrument of mediation to promote peace, security and stability among the nations of the world. Many in this body have spoken about the importance of settling disputes through mediation. Malaysia shares that view. In the final analysis, peace can be achieved only if people are willing to engage in mediation. Now, more than ever before, mediation must be made to work in the Middle East crisis, as it is the only option available for the achievement of lasting peace. Year after year after year, we have hoped for a peaceful and just resolution of the Palestinian issue. In the time that we have spent hoping, we have also come to realize that mediation is the only means of providing a sustainable resolution to all conflicts and crises. As such, all of us have a role to play in ensuring that it is effective. Patience and prudence have their merits, but patience and prudence must not result in paralysis. This body and the Security Council have adopted numerous resolutions on Palestine, yet there has been no tangible outcome. We support the application of the Palestinians to the United Nations and welcome the readiness of both parties to hold talks on the basis of the existing international legal framework. In that connection, Malaysia fully supports the legitimate rights of the Palestinian people to an independent State of Palestine, based on the two-State solution, taking into account the security concerns of both parties. For some time now, our world has been battered by unprecedented political challenges, devastating national calamities and financial crises. During that time, our institutions and mechanisms have seemed incapable of handling these challenges and the pace at which they surface. To compound the situation, while we address long-standing causes of international instability, non-traditional threats to peace and security, such as terrorism, pose additional challenges. As we share the grief of those who lost their loved ones in the 9/11 attack 10 years ago, we must strengthen our resolve to eradicate terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. That can be achieved only by addressing the root causes of terrorism, which would cut off sympathy and support for those committing acts of terrorism. We must at the same time win the hearts and minds of the people to ensure that our victory over terrorism is not short-lived. But the winning of hearts and minds is only half of what I would call the battle of perceptions. The other half consists of combating expressions of extremist sentiments. Despite our continuing efforts to promote world peace and harmony, we still witness the increasing trend to perpetuate and fuel Islamophobia. There have been attempts to pit Islam against the West, demonize Islam and to link Islam with terrorism. Those irresponsible acts further intensify the divide between the broader Muslim world and the West. The real issue is not between Muslims and non-Muslims but between moderates and extremists in all religions, whether Islam, Christianity or Judaism. It is in light of the growing tide of extremist sentiments around the globe that the Prime Minister of Malaysia called for the creation of a global movement of moderates at this Assembly last year (see A/65/PV.19). This clarion call has come at the right moment in history. We must ensure that the voices of moderation, which currently constitute the silent majority, prevail over those of extremism in efforts to find solutions to the growing challenges faced by the international community. There has been wide acceptance of this movement at the highest levels of global political leadership, such as the Asia-Europe Meeting and the East Asia Summit. More recently, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations has endorsed the movement of moderates as its contribution to global developments. Malaysia will work diligently to ensure that the global movement of moderates will complement the ongoing activities of the United Nations Alliance of Civilizations and other intercultural and interfaith dialogues so that moderation will triumph over extremism. We cannot turn a blind eye to the needs of States that are severely affected by natural calamities. The situation in Somalia has touched the hearts of many. For our part, Malaysia last month pledged $1 million to 11-51670 32 the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Trust Fund for Somalia and dispatched a humanitarian mission to mitigate the sufferings of our Somali brothers and sisters. A valiant Malaysian son lost his life carrying out this mission. However, such incidents will never deter us from continuing to provide humanitarian assistance to all other countries in need. In the field of the environment, we seem to be losing focus. We know that we are not lacking in good plans, but that we lack political will and the means to implement those agreed plans. As much as we are concerned about implementation failures, we are also concerned at the paralysing differences in on the areas of institutional framework and sustainable development. The failure of the Commission on Sustainable Development to deliver a successful outcome last May clearly demonstrated that. The lack of progress and unwillingness to honour commitments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is another example. We must ensure that the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities, coupled with historical responsibility, is enshrined in all our endeavours to achieve a successful conclusion on climate change negotiations and sustainable development. In moving towards the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, there are new thoughts on strengthening the institutional frameworks for the environment. If the current institutional frameworks are unable to meet the daunting environmental challenges, we may have to look at new mechanisms that are inclusive and participatory, with equitable decision-making responsibilities. Nuclear disarmament occupies a central role in the work of the United Nations. This is reflected by the fact that the very first resolution adopted by the General Assembly spoke, among other things, of “the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons and of all other major weapons adaptable to mass destruction” (resolution 1(I), para. 5 (c)). Yet 65 years on, it remains a silent dream. All States need to do their part in order to achieve more substantive progress in this area. Malaysia is committed to working with other Member States to realize the goal of a nuclear-weapon- free world. We will continue to advocate the total elimination of nuclear weapons through a nuclear weapons convention. To progress further on that issue, consensus is required on commencing the multilateral negotiations process. This, in turn, will require good faith on the part of the States possessing nuclear weapons. I call on all those States to demonstrate such good faith. It is apparent that the current international financial architecture is unable to cope with recent developments in the world financial markets. The World Bank has warned that we are about to enter a danger zone. We need a new financial architecture that will be transparent, equitable, representational and participatory and that will reduce volatility. Lessons can be learned from the economies of developing countries that embarked on economic reform and strengthened their financial institutions following the Asian financial crisis. Let us put pride aside and learn from each other. In our quest to move up the value chain and enhance competitiveness, Malaysia has embarked on its own transformation programmes based on the concept of One Malaysia, the Government transformation programme, the economic transformation programme and the new economic model. As part of the transformation programme, Malaysia has taken a giant leap in reforming its internal security and emergency laws, which will be replaced by legislation to prevent subversive action, terrorism and organized crime. Malaysia is transforming and reforming itself to better adapt to a changing global landscape. We believe that the United Nations must do the same. We would like to see a comprehensive reform of the United Nations so that it will be able to face current realities and address present challenges. Most particularly, the Security Council should be comprehensively reformed to make it more legitimate, representative, democratic and transparent. The Council must be effective, transparent and accountable to the larger United Nations membership in order to strengthen its mediation capacities. It must not remain beholden to the veto holders. In that respect, I return to the President’s theme. We need to adopt mediation in the search for peace. To that, I would add the principles of transformation and moderation. A combination of mediation, transformation and moderation will constitute a winning formula to realize lasting world peace. Let us take up the challenge with the fortitude required and together implement it for a united and a better world for all.